normal microbial flora Flashcards

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1
Q

name some normal aerobic/facultative mouth flora

A
  • viridans streptococci
  • neisseria
  • diphtheroids (corynebacterium)
  • Staph epidermidis
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2
Q

what are some important reasons for normal flora?

A
  • protective host defense mechanism by interfering with colonization of pathogenic bacteria
  • nutritional function, produce B12 and vitamin K
  • bacterial overgrowth in small intestine can lead to fat malabsorption and B12 deficiency
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3
Q

viridans streptococci #s

A

10^6 - most prevalent bacteria in mouth

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4
Q

viridans streptococci are the most common cause of:

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

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5
Q

what is dextran?

A

polysaccharide product from sugar digestion by V. streptococci. ingredient in dental plaque

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6
Q

viridans strepcocci - shape and gram stain

A

gram positive cocci

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7
Q

neisseria - shape and gram stain

A

gram negative diplococci

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8
Q

neisseria #s

A

second most prevalent in mouth

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9
Q

neisseria can cause:

A

N. meningitides can cause meningitis - rare

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10
Q

what are diphtheroids?

A

corynebacterium species which are not C. diphtheriae

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11
Q

diphtheroids - shape and gram stain

A

pleomorphic gram positive rods

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12
Q

S. epidermidis - shape and gram stain

A

gram positive cocci - grape clusters

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13
Q

what are S. epidermidis and diphtheroids both known for?

A

They are the two most common contaminants of blood cultures

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14
Q

Eikenella corrodens?

A

normal mouth flora associated with human bites and clenched fist injuries

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15
Q

name some normal anaerobic mouth flora

A
  • fusobacterium
  • prevotella
  • anaerobic streptococci
  • actinomyces
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16
Q

what part of the upper resp/GI tract is not affected by anaerobic flora?

A

lower trachea - anaerobic bacteria do not extend there and it is virtually bacteria free

17
Q

explain aspiration pneumonia:

A
  • aspiration of own oral secretion

- offending pathogens are combination of normal mouth flora (mixed aerobes and anaerobes)

18
Q

is penicillin useful against infections caused by mouth flora?

A

generally yes, most are sensitive to penicillin

19
Q

under what circumstances can bacteria flourish in the stomach?

A
  • gastic achlorhydia (no stomach acid)

- gastric obstruction

20
Q

why is the upper small intestine generally sterile?

A
  • peristalsis

- unconjugated bile acids

21
Q

when is disease possible in upper small intestine?

A
  • anatomical alterations that effect peristalsis such as gastric bypass surgery
22
Q

why is there bacterial proliferation in terminal ileum and large intestine?

A

greater stasis

23
Q

name 7 flora present in most large intestines/feces

A

1) bacteroides fragilis
2) bifidobacterium - non-pathogenic
3) loctobacilli
4) clostridial species
5) coliforms and enterococcus (aerobes)
6) other anaerobes
7) S. aureus, pseudomonas, proteus, kebsiella

24
Q

infant intestinal flora:

A
  • fetal intestine is sterile
  • breast-fed - primarily bifidobacterium
  • weaning/bottle fed - like adult flora
25
Q

normal flora of skin:

A
  • staph epidermidis
  • staph aureus
  • diphtheroids
  • anaerobes such as proprionibacterium and peptococcus
26
Q

normal upper respiratory tract flora:

A
  • nose: staph aureus
  • throat: viridan streptococci, neisseria, staph epidermidis
  • anaerobes: bacteroides, fusobacterium, costridium, peptostreptococcus
27
Q

vaginal flora

A
  • lactobacillus - maintains low pH
  • E coli - from fecal matter, UTIs and occasionally sepsis
  • 15-20% have group B strep, possible sepsis in newborn through birth canal