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OS 201 > Normal Histology of Hemopoeitic System > Flashcards

Normal Histology of Hemopoeitic System Flashcards

0
Q

Functions of blood

A

Vehicle for transport of the different nutrients, waste products, gases to and from the cells

Carries hormones, regulatory substances, cytokines

Regulates heat, acid-base balance, osmotic pressure

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1
Q

Hemopoeitic System

A

Blood and bone marrow

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2
Q

True or False

There is more matrix than the cell

A

True

Plasma > Formed Elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)
55 % vs 45 %

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3
Q

Will tell you how concentrated your blood is

A

Hematocrit

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4
Q

Most abundant formed element, by blood count and volume

Least abundant formed element

A

RBC

WBC

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5
Q

Contains specific granules:

Neutrophil - indistinct, most abundant
Eosinophil - bright red
Basophil - blue, least abundant

A

Granulocytes

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6
Q

Without specific granules:

Lymphocyte
Monocyte

A

Agranulocyte

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7
Q

True or False

All cells contain lysosomes

A

True

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8
Q

What cell

No nucleus
Used as yardstick for measuring other structures
Biconcave disc : pliable and resilient

A

RBC

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9
Q

Cytoplasmic Backbone contains

A

Spectrin
Actin
Ankyrin

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10
Q

Maintains osmotic gradient
Once consumed can’t be replaced
Assume speherical shape
Degraded by spleen and liver

A

Enzymes for anaerobic glycolysis

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11
Q

Blood group antigens

A

Contain sugar molecules that are attached in the proteins

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12
Q

Differ in the extra sugar attached tpo the glycoprotein

A

ABO antigens

Type A: A sugar, have type B antibody
Type B: B sugar, B antibody
Type AB: Both, no antibody
Type O: No sugar, A and B antibody (universal donor)

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13
Q

Causes hemolytic disease of the newborn
Only in second-borns
Not spontaneous in mother
Need previous exposure to incompatible fetal blood

A

Rh incompatibility

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14
Q

Contains 4 chains
2 alpha
2 beta

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

Wrong configuration in beta chain
Wrong amino acid (valine and glutamine?)

What disorder

A

Sickle cell anemia

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16
Q

A nucleate biconvex disc
Fragments from megakaryocyre in BM
For temporary plug and initial blood clotting

A

Platelets

17
Q

Responsible for retracting the clot

A

Actin/myosin

18
Q

Maintains the shape of platelets

A

Microtubule ring

19
Q

Von Willebrand Factor

A

For adhesion

20
Q

4 phases of Hemostasis

A

1 Vascular - vasocontriction
2 Platelet aggregation and adhesion
3 Clotting - plasma clotting factors (fibrin)
Initial is Prothrombin to Thrombin
And end is Fibrinogen to Fibrin
4 Fibrinolysis - clot will shrink in size, clot retraction

21
Q

Lab exam tip!

Identify

With granules
Multi-lobulated nucleus / called PMNs
The more mature has more lobes
At least 3 up to 6
Most abundant
Marker is: Peroxidase enzyme
A

Neutrophil - self-destructs (with bacteria, results to PUS), has abundant glycogen (aerobic); size is 10-11 um

Basophil and Eosinophil : bilobule

22
Q

Precursor of macrophage (big!)

Abundant in the lungs

A

Monocyte

23
Q

Have a narrow rim of basophilic cytoplasm

Very dark

A

Lymphocyte (T cell and B cell)

24
Q

Non-bacterial causes of neutrophilia

A

Severe inflammation
Diurnal variation
Stress
Exercise

25
Q

What cell

12 - 14 um
Damage control in allergic reactions
Degrades histamines and other mediators (aryl sulfate)
Defense against parasites

A

Eosinophil

26
Q

What cell

8-10 microns
No lysosomes, not phagocytic
Specific granules: 
Histamine
Heparin (responsible for metachromasia)
SRS-A
A

Basophil

27
Q

What cell

Recirculating, most long-lived
Thin rim of cytoplasm (Lab exam tip)

A

Lymphocytes

28
Q

Final killing machine of the immune system

Destruction of microorganisms

A

Complement proteins

29
Q

Blood transfusion

Accidents
Severe anemia
Surgery

A

Packed RBCs

30
Q

Blood transfusion

Clotting problems
Anticoagulant problems

A

Fresh frozen plasma

31
Q

When you have sepsis, what will you give?

Kawasaki’s disease, also

A

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IG)

32
Q

Blood transfusion

For dengue

A

Plasma concentrate

33
Q

What to order to see RBC, WBC…

If with clotting factors?

A

Serum

…

34
Q

Process by which mature blood cells develop

A

Hemopoiesis

35
Q

Type of bone marrow

Fat cells, long bones

A

Yellow bone marrow

36
Q

Gives rise to ALL types of blood cells
Slowly dividing
Self-renewing or differentiating (into progenitor cell)

A

Pluripotencial HSC

37
Q

True or False

In the bone marrow and peripheral blood there are stored granulocytes

A

True

As reserve

38
Q

Regulation of Hemopoiesis

A

Microenvironment

  • stromal cells
  • extracellular matrix

Humoral factors

  • erythropoeitin (blood loss, high altitude)
  • colony stimulating factors (CSFs)
  • interleukins (induce other cells to produce CSFs), produced by T-cells and macrophages
39
Q

Side effect of chemotherapy

Give G-CSF

A

Neutropenia

OS 201 (9 decks)

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