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Drug Action > Noradrenaline release > Flashcards

Noradrenaline release Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system a part of?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Conveys all outputs from the CNS to the rest of the body except the motor innervation of skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What are the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

A 
Smooth muscle tone
All exocrine secretions
Some endocrine secretions
Heart rate and force
Certain metabolic processes
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5
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

Ach

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6
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

NAd

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7
Q

What is the first step of noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis?

A

Tyrosine is converted to dihydroyphenylalanine

By tyrosine hydroxylase

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8
Q

What is the second step of noradrenaline/adrenaline synthesis?

A

Dihydroxyphenylalanine is converted to dopamine

By dopamine decarboxylase

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9
Q

What is the third stage of noradrenaline/adrenaline synthesis?

A

Dopamine is converted to noradrenaline

By dopamine beta hydroxylase

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10
Q

What is the fourth step of noradrenaline/adrenaline synthesis?

A

Noradrenaline is converted to adrenaline

By phenylethanolamine n-methyl transferase

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11
Q

Describe tyrosine hydroxylase

A

In the cytoplasm of catecholamine containing cells
Rate-limiting step
Feedback inhibition by NAd
Inhibited by alpha methyltyrosine

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12
Q

Describe dopamine decarboxylase

A

More widespread distribution
In cytoplasm
Inhibited by carbidopa

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13
Q

Describe dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

In catecholamine containing cells
In synaptic vesicles
Inhibited by nepicastat and etamicastat

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14
Q

Where is phenylethanolamine n methyl transferase found?

A

In A cells of adrenal medulla

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15
Q

What is alpha methyl tyrosine?

A

Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase

Used in phaeochromocytoma

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16
Q

What is carbidopa?

A

Inhibits dopamine decarboxylase
Works in the periphery not CNS
Used in Parkinson’s

17
Q

What is methyldopa?

A

Taken up by sympathetic neurones
Converted to alpha methylnoradrenaline
Displaces noradrenaline from vesicles
Used for hypertension in pregnancy

18
Q

What is 6-OH dopamine?

A

Neurotoxin

Experimental use only

19
Q

What is nepicastat?

A

Dopamine beta hydroxyls inhibitor

Used in cocaine dependence

20
Q

What is etamicastat?

A

Dopamine beta hydroxyls inhibitor

Treating hypertension

21
Q

Where are noradrenaline and adrenaline stored?

A

Adrenal glands

In chromaffin glands

22
Q

What is reserpine?

A

Inhibits the vesicular amine transporter
Vesicular stores of catecholamine decrease
Previously used to treat hypertension

23
Q

What triggers exocytosis from sympathetic nerves?

A

Ca2+ influx

24
Q

What regulates the release of noradrenaline?

A

Sympathetic nerve terminals contain receptors for many mediators
Either facilitate or inhibit reduce of noradrenaline

25
Q

What is autoinhibition?

A

Noradrenaline released from sympathetic varicosities acts on presynaptic receptors to inhibit its own release

26
Q

Name some drugs that inhibit noradrenaline release

A

Acetylcholine
Adenosine
Opiods
Angiotensin

27
Q

What are the side effects of morphine?

A

Constipation

Pupillary dilation

28
Q

What are the two stages of termination of adrenaline and noradrenaline action?

A

Uptake

Degradation

29
Q

How are catecholamines taken up?

A

Neuronal

Non-neuronal

30
Q

How does neuronal uptake work?

A

Noradrenaline transporter

Co transports Na+ Cl- and catecholamine

31
Q

What inhibits neuronal uptake?

A

Cocaine
Tricylic antidepressants
Phenoxybenzamine

32
Q

How does non-neuronal uptake work?

A

Not particularly selective for noradrenaline

33
Q

What inhibits non-neuronal uptake?

A

Normetanephrine
Steroid hormones
Phenoxybenzamine

34
Q

How are catecholamines degraded?

A 
By intracellular enzymes
Monoamine oxidase
Catechol-O-methyl transferase
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde reductase
35
Q

What are noradrenergic neuron blocking drugs?

A

Inhibit noradrenaline release

e.g. guanethidine, bretylium

Drug Action (19 decks)

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