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Drug Action > Drugs affecting the GI tract > Flashcards

Drugs affecting the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What four diseases might GORD cause?

A

Oesophagitis
Stricture
Barrett’s metaplasia
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

What four drugs can suppress acid?

A

Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole
H2 blockers such as ranitidine
Antacids increase pH
Alignates such as Gaviscon

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3
Q

What is Helicobacter Pylori?

A

Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium
Colonises the stomach of 40% humans
Leading cause of peptic ulceration

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4
Q

What three things can Helicobacter Pylori cause?

A

Gastritis
Gastric + duodenal ulcers
Gastric cancer (WHO class 1 carcinogen)

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5
Q

What enzyme does Helicobacter Pylori produce to ensure its survival?

A

Urease
Breaks down urea
Products include HCO3- which neutralises the stomach acid

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6
Q

Is location of Helicobacter Pylori infection important?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What happens if Helicobacter Pylori infects the antrum?

A

G-cells hypersecrete gastrin
Decrease antral D-cell somatostatin release
Hypergastrinaemia
Duodenal ulcers

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8
Q

What happens if Helicobacter Pylori infects the corpus?

A

Reduced acid secretion
Hypochlorydia
Gastric ulcers

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9
Q

How are gastric ulcers caused by Helicobacter Pylori treated?

A

Triple therapy of:
2 antibiotics
1 proton pump inhibitor

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10
Q

What is the role of aminosalicylates in treating inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Topically effects the inflamed mucosa of the colon by interacting with the damaged epithelium

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11
Q

What is the role of immunomodulators in treating inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Interferes with DNA synthesis and inhibits the proliferation of quickly rapidly dividing cells, especially cells of the immune system

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12
Q

What is the role of biologics in treating inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Monoclonal antibodies against things such as TNF-alpha, an inflammatory cytokine
Drugs can reduce mobility of immune cells to reduce inflammation

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13
Q

What is the role of corticosteroids in treating inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Corticosteroids regulate the gene expression for pro inflammatory transcription factors
Bind to glucocortoid receptor and translocate to nucleus
Bind to glucocortoid response elements of promoter regions

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14
Q

What are the four kinds of laxative?

A

Stimulant
Saline
Emollient
Bulk-forming

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15
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work?

A

Increase motility by chemoreceptor activation and the myenteric nerve plexus

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16
Q

How do saline laxatives work?

A

Draw water into the bowel via osmosis

17
Q

How do emollient laxatives work?

A

Non absorbable lubricants

18
Q

How do bulk forming laxatives work?

A

Dietary fibre

19
Q

How does loperamide work as an anti-diarrhoeals?

A 
Prolongs the transit time of the intestinal contents
Reduces fecal volume
Increases viscosity and bulk
It is an opioid receptor agonist
Decreases activity of myenteric plexus

Drug Action (19 decks)

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