Non-verbal Communication Flashcards
What is non-verbal communication (NVC)?
The process of sending and receiving messages through gesture, body language, posture etc
What is the term for the vocal features that accompany speech, such as tone, emphasis, intonation etc?
Paralinguistics
Who found that 55% of our communication with others consists of NVC?
Mehrabian (1971)
Name two of Argyle’s (1988) five functions of non-verbal bodily behaviour in communication
To express emotions To express interpersonal attitudes To accompany speech in managing cues of interaction Presentation of one’s personality Ritual (greetings)
Who suggested the six universal facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust
Ekman (1972)
What did Sackheim (1978) conclude about expression displayed on the left side of the face?
It is perceived more strongly
What is a postural echo?
When people copy each other’s posture
What kind of posture is this: arms crossed, legs crossed, hands clasped together?
A closed posture
What term describes an ‘emotionally charged bubble of space which surrounds each individual’ and who used it?
Personal space
Hall (1959)
True or false: gestures have universal meanings
False, meanings from vary from culture to culture
Whose 1971 study found that non-verbal cues greatly outweighed the content of a verbal message?
Argyle, Alkema and Gilmour (1971)
According to Hall (1966) would a personal space distance of 1.5-4.0m be a social distance or a public distance?
A social distance
True or false: pupil dilation can be used to assess mood accurately
True
What did Fisher and Byrne (1975) find out about gender differences in personal space?
Males preferred a stranger to sit next to them, women preferred them to sit opposite
Why are the practical implications of research into cultural differences in personal space important?
We live in a multicultural society
