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NPTE > Non-Systems > Flashcards

Non-Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what increased with a heat modality? what decreases with a heat modality?

A 
Increases
(1) HR
(2) CO
(3) RR
Decreases  / No Change
(1) SV
(2) BP
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2
Q

what temperature should hot packs be? how many layers should be applied? what should the treatment time be?

A

(1) 165-170 F
(2) 6-8 layers
(3) 20-30 minutes

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3
Q

what temperature should a paraffin bath be? what should the treatment time be?

A

(1) 125-127 F

(2) 15-20 minutes

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4
Q

what should the temperature and duration of a contrast bath be?

A

100-111 F water (4 minutes)
> > > > >
55-65 F water (1 minute)

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5
Q

when shouldn’t a cold modality be applied?

A

anytime circulation is compromised (peripheral vascular disease, arterial disease)

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6
Q

what is the order of events that occur when ice is applied to the body?

A

CBAN

Cold
Burning
Aching / Analgesia
Numbness

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7
Q

when using iontophoresis, which medications have a negative charge?

A

I SAD (I’m sad is negative)

Iodine
Salicylate
Acetate
Dexamethasone

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8
Q

should current be symmetrical or a-symmetrical to minimize skin irritation? should it be biphasic or monophasic?

A

symmetrical and biphasic

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9
Q

when would monophasic current be used?

A

wound healing

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10
Q

for FES, how should % of MVC and duty cycle be selected?

A

(1) Pick highest MVIC (<50% for injured tissues)
(2) Low Duty cycle; can NEVER be more than 50%

*Minimum duty cycle to produce highest MVIC

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11
Q

what is the highest that a duty cycle can be for electrical stimulation?

A

50% - it can NEVER be more than 50%

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12
Q

what is the highest the MVIC should be for injured tissues?

A

<50%

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13
Q

what should the pulse frequency and pulse duration be for muscle strengthening, muscle reeducation, muscle spasm reduction, and edema reduction?

A

(1) Muscle Strengthening
- Pulse Frequency: 35-80 pps
- Pulse Duration: 150-200 small muscles; 200-350 large muscles
(2) Muscle reeducation, spasm reduction, edema reduction
- Pulse Frequency: 35-50 pps
- Pulse Duration: 150-200 small muscles; 200-350 large muscles

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14
Q

when should negative and positive electrodes be used for wound healing?

A

(1) negative: wound with INFECTION

2) positive: HEALTHY wound (no infection

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15
Q

what should the pulse frequency and pulse duration be for conventional, acupuncture, and brief intense TENS?

A

(1) conventional
- Pulse frequency: 30-150 pps
- Pulse duration: 50-100
(2) acupuncture
- Pulse frequency: 2-4 pps
- Pulse duration: 100-300
(3) Brief intense
- Pulse frequency: 60-200 pps
- Pulse duration: 150-500

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16
Q

what is brief intense TENS used for?

A

wound debridement

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17
Q

what MHz is used for deep tissues? what is used for superficial tissues? what depth is considered superficial and deep?

A

(1) 1.0 MHz for DEEP (>3cm in depth)

2) 3.0 MHz for SUPERFICIAL (<3cm in depth

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18
Q

what is the difference between pulsed and continuous US?

A

pulsed: non-thermal
continuous: thermal (100% duty cycle)

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19
Q

what position is ideal for traction with a lumbar posterior herniation?

A

prone

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20
Q

what position is ideal for traction with intervertebral joints, facet joints, and muscle elongation?

A

supine with pillow under the knees

21
Q

when should 25% of BW be used for lumbar traction? when should 50% BW be used?

A

25% - disc protrusion, spasm, elongation

50% - joint distraction

22
Q

with biofeedback do you want the electrodes closer together or further apart?

A

closer together as there is greater muscle recruitment

23
Q

when do you want biofeedback to have high sensitivity? when would you want it to have low sensitivity?

A

high sensitivity: weak muscles

low sensitivity: spastic muscles

24
Q

at what rate should chest compressions be performed when administering CPR?

A

100-120 per minute

25
Q

what depth should chest compressions reach when performing CPR?

A

at least 2 inches (5cm)

26
Q

what is a hickman catheter? where is it placed on the body?

A

(1) central line for providing antibiotics, nutritional solutions, and taking blood
(2) right side of chest wall

27
Q

what is a Swanz Ganz Catheter? where is it inserted?

A

(1) inserted into the pulmonary artery to monitor blood flow and function of the heart
(2) internal jugular or femoral vein

28
Q

what is a central venous pressure catheter? where is it usually inserted?

A

(1) measures blood pressure directly from right atrium and super vena cava
(2) usually under the right clavicle

29
Q

what is an arterial line? where is it inserted?

A

(1) provides arterial blood gases and measures BP

(2) an artery

30
Q

what are chest drainage tubes? where are they inserted?

A

(1) removes air, blood, and purulent matter from patient’s chest or pleural cavity
(2) incision in the chest

31
Q

how are seat width and depth determined for wheelchair fitting?

A

(1) seat width: add 2 inches to widest hip measurement

(2) seat depth: subtract 2 from posterior buttock to popliteal fossa

32
Q

what is the seat height for normal adults, hemiplegic adults, and children?

A

(1) normal: 20 inches
(2) hemiplegic: 17.5 inches
(3) children: 18.75 inches

33
Q

how should curbs be ascended when in a wheelchair?

A

(1) place caster wheels up on curb (may need to wheelie)

(2) push rear wheels up curb with momentum

34
Q

how should curbs be descended when in a wheelchair?

A

descend curbs BACKWARDS with forward head and trunk lean

35
Q

how much space should be under the axilla when using axillary crutches?

A

2-3 inches

36
Q

where should loftstrand crutches be situation on the patient?

A

top of forearm cuff, just distal to the elbow

37
Q

how should stairs be ascended and descended with a cane?

A

(1) ascending: GOOD foot first, then bad foot and cane
(2) descending: bad foot FIRST, then cane and good foot
* UP with the GOOD, DOWN with the BAD

38
Q

what gait pattern should be used for a patient who is NWB?

A

3-point gait pattern (axillary crutches)

39
Q

what does a longitudinal arch (scaphoid pad) aim to correct? what does a UCBL aim to correct?

A

(1) longitudinal arch: pes planus

(2) controls hindfoot valgus, and reduced subtalar motion

40
Q

what are the FIM levels?

A 
7 - independent
6 - modified independent
5 - guarding (CGA / SBA)
4 - min assist (75% pt. participation)
3 - mod assist (74-50% participation)
2 - max assist (49-25% participation)
1 - dependent (<25% participation)
41
Q

what % of the body is WBing when water is at the level of the C7, xiphoid process, ASIS, and knees?

A

(1) C7: 10% WBing
(2) Xiphoid process: 33%
(3) ASIS: 50%
(4) knees: 75%

42
Q

what is the correct order to don PPE?

A

gown, mask, gloves

43
Q

what are alternating isometrics (PNF) patterns?

A

force is applied in ONE direction and then in the opposite direction and the pt. is supposed to resist movement (no rotational component)

44
Q

how are alternating isometrics different from rhythmic stabs?

A

(1) alternating isometrics are consistent between two directions and have NO rotational component
(2) rhythmic stabs is a progression of alternating isometrics; they must resist movement from force applied in multiple directions at the same time (includes rotational component)

45
Q

what are slow reversals (PNF)?

A

concentric muscle contraction followed by concentric muscle contraction of opposite muscle group (manual resistance applied throughout) (ex: Pt. does D1 flexion with PT providing resistance, and then moves into D1 extension with therapist providing resistance, thus 2 concentric contractions reversing back and fourth)

46
Q

what are agonist reversals (PNF)?

A

concentric muscle contraction followed by eccentric muscle contraction of the SAME MUSCLE (ex. Pt. is doing a bridge and the therapist applies downward pressure; now from the top of a bridge, the therapist applies a downward force and the pt. slowly moves (eccentrically) moves back down to the starting position of a bridge

47
Q

generally speaking, what positions prevent contractures?

A

anatomical position (extended and open); the body likes to contracture into a fetal position (MCP flexion is an exception)

48
Q

what is the minimum door width for wheelchairs? what is the minimum hallway width? how wide does a hallway need to be for a wheelchair to turn?

A

Doorway: 32 inches
Hallway: 36 inches
Hallway turning: 60 inches

49
Q

what is the ramp ratio for wheelchairs?

A

1:12 inches - meaning every inch of step height, there should be 12 inches of slope length

NPTE (10 decks)

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