Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

what are the UE myotomes?

A 
C1-2: cervical flexion
C3: side flexion
C4: shrug
C5: abduction
C6: elbow flexion / wrist extension
C7: elbow extension / wrist flexion
C8: thumb extension
T1: finger abduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the LE myotomes?

A 
L1-2: hip flexion
L3: knee extension
L4: dorsiflexion
L5: big toe extension
S1: eversion / PF / hip ext
S2: knee flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps reflex nerve roots?

A

biceps: C5-C6
brachioradialis: C5-C6
triceps: C7-C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the patellar, achilles tendon, and hamstrings reflex nerve roots?

A

patellar: L2-L4
achilles tendon: S1-S2
hamstrings: L5-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does a posterior glide of the shoulder improve when performed at 90 degrees of flexion?

A

horizontal adduction (think horizontal abduction would stress anterior capsule and it’s opposite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the shoulder?

A

ER, abduction, IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the elbow?

A

flexion > extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the hip?

A

IR, flexion, abduction, (minimal extension loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the knee?

A

flexion > extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what direction should mobilizations be performed in patients with frozen shoulder?

A

posterior / inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what muscles are tight in upper crossed syndrome? what muscles are weak?

A 
Tight
1) SCM / pec minor
2)  upper traps / levator scapulae
Weak
1) deep cervical flexors
2) lower traps /  serratus anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what muscles are tight in lower crossed syndrome? what muscles are weak?

A 
Tight
1) hip flexors
2) erector spinae
Weak
1) abdominals
2) glute med / max / min
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what muscles upwardly rotate the shoulder? which ones downwardly rotate the shoulder?

A 
upward rotation
1) serratus anterior
2) upper and lower traps
downward rotation
1) rhomboids
2) levator scapulae
3) pec minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens at the tibia and foot with knee valgus?

A

1) IR of tibia

2) overpronation at the forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens with anteversion of the hip? what’s the compensation that occurs?

A

1) hip anteversion is when the femoral head moves too far anteriorly
2) to correct this, toeing in (IR of the femur) improves joint congruency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what position should the foot be placed in following achilles tendon repair surgery?

A

slight PF (to reduce stretch of the tendon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is Scheuermann’s disease? what are the most commonly affected levels? what is it also known as?

A

1) weakening of vertebral end plates leading to excessive kyphosis of the thoracic spine (must involve 3+ adjacent vertebrae)
2) T10-L2
3) juvenile scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what should be avoided with spondylolthesis?

A

hyper extension of the spine past neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a patient has trouble closing at the left C4-C5 segment, what are a couple mobilization options to improve closing at this joint?

A

1) PA glide of C5 on left side

2) PA glide of C4 on right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what occurs during UNCOMPENSATED forefoot valgus and forefoot varus?

A

(1) forefoot valgus: no rearfoot (heel) deviation and a PRONATED forefoot
(2) forefoot varus: no rearfoot deviation and a SUPINATED forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what occurs during COMPENSATED forefoot valgus and forefoot varus?

A

(1) forefoot valgus: a VARUS rearfoot to correct forefoot position
(2) forefoot varus: a VALGUS rearfoot to correct forefoot position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is scoliosis named (concave or convex side of deformation)?

A

after the CONVEX side

23
Q

which way do the vertebral bodies and spinous processes rotate with scoliosis?

A

(1) vertebral bodies rotate to the CONVEX side

(2) spinous processes and pedicles rotate towards the CONCAVE side

24
Q

what happens on the convex side of the body with scoliosis?

A 
Convex side
(1) shoulder shrug (elevated)
(2) scapula retracted
(3) head tilted towards this side
Concave Side
(1) hip hike
(2) arm is higher and elevated
25
Q

what is legg calves perthes disease? what is it caused by? what are the main s/s?

A

(1) flattening of the femoral head
(2) avasular necrosis of the femoral head
(3) the patient will LIMP, trendelenburg sign

26
Q

what is Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)? what is it caused by? what are the main s/s? what postion of the leg do these patients walk?

A

(1) the femoral head slips backwards off the femur (usually in tens / preteens aged 8-17)
(2) initial traumatic episode (could be as minimal as turning over in bed)
(3) acute onset, unable to bear weight
(4) MAINTAINS leg in EXTERNAL ROTATION

27
Q

how can you differentiate between SCFE and LCP?

A

(1) SCFE: limited IR, abduction and FLEXION

(2) LCP: limited IR, abduction and EXTENSION

28
Q

how is W sitting characterized?

A

INTERNAL rotation of the femur and lateral tibial torsion

29
Q

what are the most common MOIs for an ACL tear?

A

(1) hyperextension of the knee

2) twisting of the knee (when foot is planted

30
Q

should open chain interventions be used during early phases of post-ACL rehab? why?

A

no; increased shear forces

31
Q

what is the roll and and glide of the mandibula when the mouth opens? which way does the disc glide?

A

both roll and glide are anterior; the disc also glides anteriorly to maintain congruent surface with the fossa

32
Q

what is normal ROM at the TMJ? how much ROM is considered functional?

A

Normal: 35-55mm
Functional: 40mm

33
Q

how far should the TMJ protrude? how far should it retract? how far should it laterally deviate?

A

(1) protrusion: 7mm
(2) retraction: 3-4mm
(3) lateral deviation: 10-15mm

34
Q

what muscles are responsible for opening of the mouth? (1)

A

(1) lateral pterygoid

35
Q

what muscles are responsible for closing the mouth? (3)

A

(1) medial pterygoid
(2) temporalis
(3) massester

36
Q

what muscles are responsible for lateral deviation of the mouth? (2)

A

(1) ipsilateral lateral pterygoid

(2) contralateral medial pterygoid

37
Q

what muscles are responsible for protrusion of the mandible? (2) which ones retract the mandible? (1)

A 
Protrusion
(1) medial pterygoid
(2) lateral pterygoid
Retraction
(1) temporalis (posterior fibers)
38
Q

how does a hypomobile TMJ present?

A

hypomobile (NO pain)

39
Q

how does a TMJ disc displacement with reduction present?

A

clicking sound

40
Q

how do TMJ synovitis and capsulitis differ with clinical presentation?

A

(1) synovitis: decreased opening with NO deviations

(2) capsulitis: decreased opening WITH deviations

41
Q

what is froment’s sign? what does it indicate?

A

(1) when a patient attempts to grasp a piece of paper between their thumb and index finger and the PT tries to pull the paper away
(2) if they can’t, it indicates ulnar nerve paralysis

42
Q

what is a Warternger sign? what does it indicate?

A

(1) patient sits with hands on table and fingers spread out; the pt. is then asked to bring the fingers together
(2) inability to bring little finger to rest of the hand indicates ulnar nerve injury

43
Q

what is Jeanne’s sign?

A

(1) hyperextension of MCP when trying to grab a piece of paper with thumb and index finger (usually with IP flexion)
(2) ulnar nerve injury

44
Q

what is a positive Hoffman’s sign?

A

(1) when the middle distal phalanx is flicked and the IP joint of the same hand flexes / adducts (fingers may also flex)

45
Q

what is Murphy’s sign (of the hand)? what does it indicate?

A

(1) the patient makes a fist and if their 3rd MCP head is level with the 2nd and 4th it’s positive
(2) indicates lunate dislocation

46
Q

what is the normal ROM at the hip for Craig’s test? what do greater than and less than normal ROM values indicate?

A

(1) 8-15 degrees of IR is normal
(2) >15 degrees IR = Hip Anteversion
(3) <8 degrees IR = Hip Retroversion

47
Q

how are the medial and lateral meniscus tested with McMurray’s test?

A

(1) medial meniscus: ER of the tibia before being taken into extension
(2) lateral menicus: IR of the tibia before being taken into extension

48
Q

what is the normal Q-angle for males and females with the knee extended?

A

(1) males: 13 degrees

(2) females: 18 degrees

49
Q

what ligament does the anterior drawer test assess for?

A

anterior TALOfibular ligament

50
Q

what ligaments does the talar tilt test assess for?

A

(1) inversion stresses calcaneofibular ligament

(2) eversion stresses deltoid ligament

51
Q

what is Lhermitte sign? what does it indicate if positive?

A

(1) simultaneously passively flex the head and one hip with the knee extended
(2) sharp, electric shock pain down the spine indicates spinal cord / UMN lesion

52
Q

what does a positive stork test indicate?

A

spondylolisthesis

53
Q

how is the Van Gelderen’s test interpreted?

A

to determine if the issues is spinal stenosis or intermittent claudication; if the sx decrease while biking in a trunk flexed position this indicates stenosis; if the sx are the same regardless of position, it indicates claudication

54
Q

what COMBINED motions at the hip should be avoided following an anterior approach total hip replacement?

A

FABER (flexion, abduction, ER)

NPTE (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions