Last Minute Shit

Question 1

what is the Semmes Weinstein filament for normal sensation? what about protective sensation?

Answer 1

(1) normal: 4.17 monofilament - 1g of force can be felt

(2) protective: 5.07 monofilament - 10g of force can be felt

Question 2

what are normal BUN:Creatine ratios?

Answer 2

1:10 - 1:20

>1:20 is abnormal

Question 3

when using an ankle strategy, how do muscle activate? how do muscle activate using hip strategy?

Answer 3

(1) ankle: DISTAL to PROXIMAL

(2) hip: PROXIMAL to DISTAL

Question 4

what does a small BP cuff cause? what does a large one cause?

Answer 4

(1) small cuff: high BP

(2) large cuff: low BP

Question 5

what is the difference between allodynia vs hyperalgesia?

Answer 5

(1) allodynia: painful response to NON-PAINFUL stimuli

(2) hyperalgesia: INCREASED response to painful stimulus

Question 6

what is the ABI scale?

Answer 6

> 1.2 - Falsely elevated (arterial disease diabetes)
1.9-0.95 - NORMAL
0.94-0.75 - Mild Arterial Disease (Intermittent claudication)
0.74-0.5 - Moderate Arterial Disease (pain at rest)
<0.5 - Severe arterial disease

Question 7

how is pulse strength graded?

Answer 7

0 - absent, not palpable
1 - diminished, barely palpable
2 - normal, easily palpable
3 - full pulse, increased strength
4 - bounding, too strong to obliterate

Question 8

what is the angina scale?

Answer 8

0 - no angina
1 - mild, barely noticeable
2 - moderate, bothersome
3 - moderately severe, very uncomfortable
4 - most severe pain ever experienced

Question 9

what are the NYHA classes for heart failure? when does fatigue, palpation, dyspnea, and angina occur during each class?

Answer 9

Class 1: (Mild) Normal; up to 6.5 METs
Class 2: (Slight) ordinary physical activity causes s/s; up to 4.5 METs
Class 3: (Mod) less than ordinary activity causes s/s; up to 3.0 METs
Class 4: (Severe) can’t carry out any activity without discomfort; 1.5 METS; s/s AT REST

Question 10

what are the AHA stages for HF?

Answer 10

Stage A: at high risk for HF (no structural heart disease) (no s/s)
Stage B: structural heart disease (no s/s)
Stage C: structural heart disease (prior or current s/s of HF)
Stage D: refractory HF requiring specialized interventions

Question 11

what is the Salter-Harris Fracture classification by Type?

Answer 11

I - entire epiphysis
II - entire epiphysis and portion of metaphysis
III - portion of epiphysis
IV - portion of epiphysis and portion of metaphysis
V - nothing broken; compresison injury of epiphyseal plate

Question 12

what is the Wagner grading system for diabetic ulcers by grade?

Answer 12

Grade 1 - superficial (no subcutaneous tissue)
Grade 2 - subcutaneous tissue; may expose bone, tendon, ligament
Grade 3 - osteitis, osteomyelitis, abscess
Grade 4 - gangrene of digit
Grade 5 - gangrene of foot (amputation needed)

Question 13

for the Glasgow coma scale, what are the grades for eye opening?

Answer 13

4 - spontaneous
3 - to speech
2 - to pain
1 - no response

Question 14

for the Glasgow coma scale, what are the grades for verbal response?

Answer 14

5 - oriented
4 - confused conversation
3 - inappropriate words
2 - incomprehensible words
1 - no response

Question 15

for the Glasgow coma scale, what are the grades for motor response?

Answer 15

6 - follows motor commands
5 - localizes
4 - withdraws
3 - abnormal flexion
2 - extensor response
1 - no response

Question 16

what are the ABCDE for screening the skin? when do they indicate a serious skin issue?

Answer 16

A - Asymmetry: non-symmetrical in shape
B - Border: uneven borders
C - Color: multiple colors
D - Dimensions: Larger than 1/4 inch
E - Evolution /  Elevation: quickly progressing / changing; raised from surface