non-mendelian genetics

Question 1

what does the breaking down of alcohol require?

Answer 1

two enzymes: adh and aldh

Question 1

what is incomplete dominance?

Answer 1

it occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygous appears as a mix of the dominant and recessive type

Question 1

can everyone make adh enzymes?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

can everyone make aldh enzymes?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

is the ability to make aldh dominant or recessive?

Answer 3

dominant

Question 4

what happens to recessive people when they drink alcohol?

Answer 4

they can’t break it down and flush red as acetaldehyde builds up

Question 5

what happens to Aa people when they drink alcohol?

Answer 5

they can produce some enzymes, but not enough to fully deal with acetaldehyde (semi-tolerant)

Question 6

what dud mendel’s work suggest?

Answer 6

that only two alleles existed for each gene

Question 7

what is an exmaple of multiple alleles?

Answer 7

abo blood groups

Question 8

what are the a and b bllod types?

Answer 8

codominant and can exist together as blood type ab

Question 9

what’s the phenotype of someone with ii

Answer 9

type O

Question 10

what is pleiotropy?

Answer 10

when a single gene affects multiple phenotypes

Question 11

why do many genetic disorders (ex. a single amino acid change) produce multiple harmful symptoms?

Answer 11

because of pleiotropy

Question 12

give an example of pleiotropy

Answer 12

people with dry earwax tend to have less body odor

Question 13

give another example of pleiotropy

Answer 13

albinism

Question 14

give an example of a dominant allele

Answer 14

freckles

Question 15

what genotypes are possible for people with freckles?

Answer 15

FF and Ff

Question 16

What do lethal alleles cause?

Answer 16

death in any organism that carries them

Question 17

are lethal alleles dominant or recessive

Answer 17

can be both

Question 18

what do recessive lethal alleles kill?

Answer 18

homozygote

Question 19

what do dominant lethal alleles kill?

Answer 19

homozygote or heterozygote

Question 20

what is dwarfism caused by?

Answer 20

a dominant allele

Question 21

what does the huntington’s disease cause?

Answer 21

death of brain cells

Question 21

what is huntington’s disease caused by?

Answer 21

a dominant lethal allele

Question 21

what does huntington’s disease eventually do?

Answer 21

kills those that are heterozygous

Question 22

what are sex-linked traits?

Answer 22

traits passed on the sex chromosome

Question 23

what are the sex chromosomes?

Answer 23

x and y

Question 24

what is the male genotype

Answer 24

XY

Question 25

what is the female genotype?

Answer 25

XX

Question 26

where are x-linked traits carried on?

Answer 26

the x chromosome

Question 27

why do sex-linked traits affect more men than women?

Answer 27

males only have a single copy of the x chromosome, while women have two

Question 27

what does the law of independent assortment say?

Answer 27

alleles are passed on independently of one another

Question 27

X^A

Answer 27

dominant

Question 27

X^a

Answer 27

recessive

Question 28

is the law of independent assortment always true?

Answer 28

no because some genes are linked

Question 29

where do linked traits exist?

Answer 29

on the same chromosome, so they dont get independently assorted

Question 30

where are the linked trait genes on the chromosome?

Answer 30

close, so even if crossing over occurs, the genes cross over together

Question 31

what do fewer recombinant organisms equal to?

Answer 31

the closer together the genes are on the chromosome

Question 32

what are recombinant genes

Answer 32

combinations of genes not found in the parents

Question 33

what does the recombination frequency of the genes help determine?

Answer 33

where they lie on chromosomes

Question 34

what is the maximum recombination frequency?

Answer 34

50%

Question 35

what does a high rate of recombination mean?

Answer 35

the two traist are far away on a chromosome