Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science 2 Term 2 > Heredity > Flashcards

Heredity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is heredity?

A

The passing of characteristics from a generation to another through shared dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is considered the father of modern genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Gregor Mendel do?

A

He bred purebred pea plants in a garden, and came up with a theory of heredity before dna was known about

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are genes?

A

segments of dna that code for a specific trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an exmaple of a gene and allele

A

gene:eye colour
allele:blue vs brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are genes carried on?

A

Homologous chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are homologous chromosomes inherited?

A

From each parent after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are homologous chromosomes like?

A

they have the same genes arranged in the same order, but slightly different dna sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of alleles do homologous chromosomes contain?

A

Different alleles, and those combinations determine the final trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do our genes code for?

A

An enzyme called tyrosinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does tyrosinase make?

A

melanin; skin colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would happen if there’s a mutation in the dna that makes the tyrosinase enzyme?

A

the person wouldn’t be able to make skin pigment (albinism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a dominant trait?

A

a trait expressed when an individual posses either one or two copies of the dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can dominant traits do?

A

They have the ability to suppress the expression of their recessive counterpart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1 dominant allele
2 dominant allele

A

dominant trait

17
Q

2 recessive allele

A

recessive trait

18
Q

What is a homozygous individual?

A

Has 2 identical alleles for a gene located at the same locus (position) on homologous chromosomes

19
Q

What is another word for heterozygous?

A

hybrid, carrier

20
Q

What is a heterozygous individual?

A

Has 2 different alleles for a gene (1 dominant, 1 recessive)

21
Q

What’s a genotype?

A

a specific genetic info of an organism, with regards to a set of traits

22
Q

What does genotype represent?

A

The combination of alleles an individual possesses for a gene

23
Q

What’ a phenotype?

A

an expression of an individual’s genes in terms of traits that can be seen or measured

24
Q

Why do dominant/recessive traits exist?

A

due to gene mutations

25
Q

Why do recessive traits exist?

A

due to a lack of protein/protein not being produced properly

26
Q

Why are wrinkled seeds wrinkled?

A

due to a dna mutation that doesn’t create an enzyme to make starch

27
Q

What are mendel’s laws of heredity?

A

law of dominance, law of independent assortment, law of segregation

28
Q

What’s the law of dominance?

A

dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles when they’re present together in heterozygous. Only when an individual is homozygous for the recessive trait will the recessive trait be expressed.

29
Q

What’s the law of independent assortment?

A

genes located on different chromosomes assort independently of each other during gamete formation. (The inheritance of one gene doesn’t influence the inheritance of another gene located on a different chromosome)

30
Q

What’s the law of segregation?

A

Individuals inherit 2 alleles for each gene, one from each parent. These alleles segregate during the formation of gametes, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

31
Q

What happens when 2 organisms mate?

A

Their gametes and alleles come together randomly to produce offspring

32
Q

What are punnett squares?

A

they’re used to express the law of segregation and show how gametes pair at random

33
Q

What does the punnett square show?

A

the probability that offspring will have a certain phenotype/genotype

34
Q
A

science 2 Term 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions