01 Reproduction Flashcards
What is reproduction essential for?
Survival and genetic diversity of species
What is sexual reproduction?
It’s the fusion of specialised reproductive cells from 2 parent organisms
What kind of offspring does sexual reproduction produce?
Genetically diverse offspring
What does genetic diversity contribute to?
Adaptability and evolution of species
What types of reproduction are there?
Sexual and Asexual
What is asexual reproduction?
a single organism generating offspring without the involvement of another individual
What kind of offspring does asexual reproduction produce?
genetically identical/very similar to the parent
name 4 types of asexual reproduction
binary fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis
What is binary fission?
The parent cell divides into 2 equal daughter cells. Each daughter cell then grows and develops into an independent organism
In what organisms is binary fission common?
single-celled organisms like bacteria and some protozoa
What is budding?
A new individual grows as an outgrowth (bud) on the body of the parent organism. It eventually detaches from the parent and becomes an independent organism
In what organisms is budding common?
yeasts and hydra
What is vegetative propagation?
New plants grow from vegetative parts of the parent cell (stems, leaves, roots)
give an examples of vegetative propagation
Runners in strawberries (horizontal stems)
give another example of vegetative propagation
tubers in potatoes (swollen underground stems)
What kind of reproduction do penicillin and other types of moulds go through?
Asexual reproduction through spores made with mitosis
What kind of reproduction do P
pteridophyta and moss plants go through?
Sexual reproduction through spores made with meiosis
What are hermaphrodites?
Organisms that contain/can produce both male and female sex organisms in the same body
name 4 hermaphrodites
some snails, earthworms, clownfish, sea hare
What does sexual reproduction require?
sex cells, aka gametes
what are gametes?
sperm and eggs
What does a sperm and egg make when combined?
zygote
What is fertilisation?
a sperm and egg combining to make zygote
