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Exotic Medicine VCS865 > Non-infectious Diseases of Companion Birds > Flashcards

Non-infectious Diseases of Companion Birds Flashcards

1
Q

Lead Poisoning

A

Many potential sources

Lead paint

curtain and fishing weights

solder

antique or imported cages

stained glass

Foil from champagne bottles

lead batteries

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2
Q

Zinc Toxicity

A

Galvanized materials

Washers, screws, nuts, snap fasteners, car keys, pennies

Newly Galvanized wire

Remove powder and other particulates

Clean with mildly acidic solutin

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3
Q

Lead poisoning - diagnosis

A

history of ingestion

Radiographs

Blood lead levels

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4
Q

Lead poisoning - radiology

A
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5
Q

Lead Posining - Treatment

A

Midazolam - control seizures

Supportive - fluids, feeding

Chelation - calcium EDTA, D-penicillamine

GI - lubricatns and laxatives

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6
Q

Liver disease

A

Multiple Etiologies

Acute: infectious - chlamydia, toxins

Non-infectious: Hepatic lipidosis, hepatic fibrosis, iron storage disease, neoplasia

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7
Q

Hepatic Disease - Clinical signs

A

“Sick bird” symptoms

feather discoloration

beak and nail overgrowth

+/- palpable hepatic enlargement

Biliverdinuria

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8
Q

Normal Droppings

A

Urates: should be well formed and be white. Any changes to color or texture is an alert to a problem

Urine: should be clear and watery as shown. Color changes and amount can be an alert to a problem

Feces: should be green or brown. Diet can change the color of the feces, so if you notice a change compare to what was eaten

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9
Q
A

Biliverdinuria = green discoloration

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10
Q

Liver Disease - Diagnosis

A

History

Clinical exam

Clinical pathology; AST< CK, Bile acids

Radiographs - hepatic silhouette

Ultrasound + liver aspiration

Endoscopy and liver biopsy

Chlamydophila testing

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11
Q

Coelomic Distention

A

Due to effusion or hepatomegaly

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12
Q

Coelomic Effusion Radiology

A

Generalized loss of detail

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13
Q

Renal Disease

A

Any: infection, neoplasia, toxins

Clinical Signs: Non-Specific, +/- polyuria, coelomic distension, Lameness

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14
Q

Renal Disease

A

Clinical Pathology - increase Uric Acid

Radiology - renal enlargement

Edoscopy and Renal Biopsy

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15
Q

Renal disease

Treatment

A

underlying cause; supportive care

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16
Q

Gout

A

Uric acid builds up in blood and depostis crystals: articular or visceral

17
Q

Gout

Etiology

A

Renal diease

Excess dietary protein

18
Q

Articular Gout

A

joint swelling

lameness, decreased movement

Aspirate - cytology - white crystals with inflammatory cells

19
Q

Gout - diagnosis

A

Plasma uric acid levels increased

Radiographs +/- urate tophi or tissue mineralization

Endoscopy / CT - most useful for visceral gout

20
Q

Gout - treatment

A

Intensive supportive care

Dietary modification

Allopurinol - block the production or uric acid

Unrewarding >> poor prognosis

21
Q

Cardiovascular Disease

A

Common 10-39%

Sub optimal diagnosis - Rapid HR - murmurs and arrhythmias difficult to detect

Dyspnea and ascites - also other causes other than CV disease

22
Q

Cardiovascular diseases

A

Endocardial disease

Myocardial disease

Pericardial disease

Cardiac arrhythmias

Congenital disease

Atherosclerosis - VERY COMMON

23
Q

Atherosclerosis and Diet

A

Calcium and Lipid deposes in the wall of the vessles → stenosis

24
Q

Cardiac and Celomic Effusion

A

Emergnecy Fluid Aspiration

25
Q

Neoplasia - common types

A

Lipomas and xanthoma in cockatiels and budgies

Gonadal tumors

Renal adenomas and adenocarcinomas

Cloacal papilloma

26
Q

Xanthoma and lipoma

causes

A

Fatty diets

27
Q

Avian Neoplasia

Diagnosis

A

Cytology

Histopathology

28
Q

Avian neoplasia

Treatment

A

Usually single bird, species, treatment, pathology reports

Very few reports about pharmacology and radiation

Birds are very sensitive to the toxic effects of both

29
Q

Feather destructive behavior

A

Mutliple factors

Rule out medical causes

Suboptimal living environment

Brain Dysfunction

Combination of the above

A complex behaviour problem

30
Q

Feather destruction

Living enviroment - decreases

A

Appropriate stimuli

Species typical behavior

Ability to exert control

31
Q

Feather destruction

Proper enrichment

A

Social

Occupational

Physical

Sensory

Foraging!

Exotic Medicine VCS865 (7 decks)

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