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Exotic Medicine VCS865 > Avian Husbandry and Nutrition > Flashcards

Avian Husbandry and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Housing and Equipment

Cages

Location

A

warm, bright lit area free of drafts

Social interaction with family

Minimize stress - visitors, noises, children

Free of Hazards - toxic plants, pets, fumes, fans

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2
Q

Housing and Equipment

Cages

Size

A

largest size for size of bird

Small birds - longer length of flight

Large Birds - taller height for climbing

Bar spacing <1inch for smaller birds

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3
Q

Housing and Equipment

Cages

Materials

A

Stainless steel or powder coated

non-toxic

durable

aesthetically pleasing

NO galvanized wire or zinc latches

Bird-proof latches on all doors

No Sharp edges

Easy to remove liner to clean daily

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4
Q

Housing and Equipment

Food bowls

A

Stainless steel

Fresh food/water daily

Clean with warm soapy water - NO BLEACH

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5
Q

Housing and Equipment

Perches

A

Diameter should match bird’s size

varying diameters and level

Near food dishes and toys

Material:

Natural wood

Rope

Cement

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6
Q

Why do you want varying diameters of perches

A

can get pressure sores if baring weight on the same areas of their feet all the time

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7
Q

Wood Branch perches

A

are ideal

wears down nails, come in varying sizes to avoid pododermatitis, and birds can chew on them safely

Careful with toxic trees

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8
Q

Braided Rope Perches

A

can provide a softer surface and be comfortable option for birds.

MUST be monitored carefully as they can become tattered when birds chew on them

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9
Q

Sandpaper/Cement Perches

A

AVOID

may be used along with other perches to provide texture and aid birds in safely wearing down their beaks and nails

However, concrete perches should not be the only perche used in cages.

Can be abrasive to the birds feet, resulting in irriation and sore formation.

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10
Q

Plastic Perches

A

strudy and easy to clean but can be slippery and provide less texture for gripping

Large birds may chew and splinter plastic into sharp shards.

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11
Q

Bird Nutrition

Overview

A

messy eating

chewing on objects

Feather dust

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12
Q

Avian Nutrition

A

Nutritional deficiency is a common cause of disease

Birds do not naturally select a balanced diet

Pre-formulated commercial diets are available

each species has its own unique requirements

Immpossible to create a balanced commercial diet for each species

Currently based on what we know about poultry

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13
Q

Bird Food Pyramid

A

Formulated pellets - 75%

Greens, grains, fruits - 20%

Seeds, nuts, millet - 5%

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14
Q

Pelleted Diets

Advantages

A

all nutrients packed into a pellet

Fortified with vitamins, minerals

Eliminates selectivity

Easier to monitor consumption

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15
Q

Pelleted Diets

Disadvantages

A

minimal species specificity

Rejection by birds

Artificial colors, additives

Lacks variety, enrichment

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16
Q

Seed Diets

A

Birds love them

“JUNK FOOD”

Deficient in many nutrtients - vitamin A, calcium, essential fatty acids, AA imbalance

High in fat

17
Q

Fresh Foods

Vegetables

High in Vitamin A

A

Carrots

sweet potatoes

broccoli

bell peppers

squash

18
Q

Fresh food

vegetables

Leafy greens

A

collards, kale, mustard greens

swiss chard

dandelion gresns

parsely

romaine

red/gree leef lettuce

19
Q

Fresh Foods

Vegetables

Others

A

green beans

cauliflower

eggplant

sugar snap or snow peas

corn

cucumber

20
Q

Fresh Food

Fruit

A

mago

papaya

kiwi

berries

pomegranates

pineapple

cranberries

peaches

nectarines

apricots

bananas

oranges

cantaloupe

cherries

pears

grape

apples

grapefruit

tangerines

21
Q

Foods to Avoid

A

limit animal fats and protein

limit seeds, nuts

avoid salty or high sugar foods

Avoid dary

22
Q

Toxic food items

A

onions, garlic

caffeine, chocolate

Alchohol

Avocados

Rhubarb

friut pits

Xylitol

23
Q

Toxic component of Avocados

A

persin - fungicidal

24
Q

Other foods Birds can have

A

cooked grains - brown rice, quinoa, oats, wheat, barley, pasts

Whole wheat bread and unsweetened whole wheat cereals

Cooked Legumes - beans, lentils, and peas

25
Q

Supplements

A

Not needed if fed a well-balanced diet

Cuttle fish bone may be provided as an extra source of calcium during periods of heavy egg production

26
Q

Types of Enrichment

A

physical

social

occupational

sensory

27
Q

Toys

A

Important for enrichment

Rotate toys frequently to prevent boredom

28
Q

Toys and potential dangers

A

Heavy metals - zinc and lead

Dyes and other chemicals - glues, adhesives, lacquers, paints, some dyes, chemically tanned leather

Poly Vinyl Chloride - make soft plastic and vinyl toys

ENTANGLEMENT

Ingestion

29
Q

Occupational Enrichment

A

Allowing birds to perform jobs

Especially those they might do in the wild:

Flight / aviary room

jungle gyms

Swings, bars

Foraging

bathing

destruction

Training - tricks and puzzles

30
Q

Social Enrichment

A

Bonded conspecifics

Owner-bird interaction

brief, playful interactions

talking, singing, dancing

Play time

Feeding

AVOID PHYSICAL TOUCHING that may result in inappropriate bonding

Large and more social birds can be very demanding of attention and resort to neurotic behaviors if denied interaction

31
Q

Household Dangers

Poisoning

A

inhalation or ingestion of wide range of substances can be toxic

Insecticides

ammonia

bleach

oven cleaner

glues

nail polish remover

paint

perfumes

houseplants

air fresheners

candles

32
Q

NOn-stick pans

Teflon

A

very common

non-sticl coating emits toxic fumes when overheated

Sudden death is common

33
Q

Air Pollution

A

Birds are highly sensitive

No aerosols near birds

No smoke in the home

Use carbon monoxide detectors

Keep birds envirnments well ventilated

34
Q

Drowning

A

Toilet bowls

sinks, bathtubs

Mop buckets

fish tanks

cooking pots

pets food/water bowls

35
Q

Electrocution

A

birds explore with their beaks

Keep cords and appliances hidden or covered with tubing

36
Q

Collision

A

windows, doors, mirrors, ceiling fans

Trimming wings may alleviate risks

37
Q

Predators

A

cats, dogs, ferrets, snakes and lizards have a natural hunting instinct, and your bird may become the victim

Larger birds, especially unrelated species can be aggressive towards smaller birds

Never leave these animals alone together unattended

Exotic Medicine VCS865 (7 decks)

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