Non-HIV antivirals Flashcards
what explains the antigenic DRIFT?
minor changes; why people need to have annual flu vaccines
what is an antigenic SHIFT?
MAJOR shift in the influenza strains
what is the most readily used influenza vaccine?
inactivated influenza vaccine (IFV)
the IFV vaccine can be _____ or _____ (strains)
trivalent or quadrivalent
what population are we concerned about getting the live, attenuated influenza vaccine?
immunocompromised, kids <2 yrs, pregnant people or people they live with (can pass on)
starting at what age is the influenza vaccine recommended?
6 months and older
SE of influenza vaccine
injection site soreness, malaise, fever, muscle aches - DOES NOT GIVE YOU THE FLU… this is your body mounting an immune response!
if someone has an egg allergy, which flu vaccine should they use?
recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine (RIV)
3 types of influenza vaccines
- inactivated influenza vaccine
2 recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine - live, attenuated influenza vaccine
what is oseltamivir?
influenza antiviral (Tamiflu)
what timing is imperative with oseltamivir tx?
treat EARLY! no later than 2 days after symptoms - within 12 hours is best!
mechanism of action for oseltamivir
prevents budding of viral particles = prevents spread
often used prophylaxis in congregate settings
which hepatitis is most likely to go into carrier state - cx, cirrhosis, bleeding, liver transplants?
hep C
which hepatitis infection does NOT have a vaccine?
hep C
how does the hepatitis virus spread?
blood + body fluids
what is the best option for Hep B tx?
PREVENTION w/vaccine
tx for which Hep is not needed unless there is active liver disease?
Hep B
which Hep treatment is based on patient’s genotype?
Hep C
AE of Hep C treatment
nausea, fatigue, weakness, liver fxn changes (watch ALT, AST)
Hep C tx has drug-drug interactions with which drugs?
antacids, lipid-lowering, anti-seizure, antiretroviral
HSV1 is manifested as what?
cold sores
HSV2 is manifested as what?
genital sores/STIs
what is the drug of choice for HSV 1+2 and Varicella Zoster Virus?
acyclovir
mechanism of action of acyclovir
suppresses synthesis of viral DNA
AE of IV acyclovir
phlebitis, nephrotoxicity
re: AE of IV acyclovir, what are nursing considerations for these patients?
HDYRATE WELL - to prevent nephrotoxicity
what is the prodrug form of acyclovir?
valacyclovir
comparing acyclovir and valacyclovir and dosing, what drug is better for compliance? why?
valacyclovir, because dosing is 1-2 x day vs 4!!
what are the 3 topical therapy drugs for herpes labialis?
- acyclovir
- penciclovir
- docosanol (Abreva)
cytomegaly virus is HSV ___?
HSV 5
re: cytomegaly virus, which populations are at high risk for reactivation?
immunocompromised
what infection is the leading cause of birth defects r/t infectious diseasese?
cytomegaly virus (CMV)
what test can we give during pregnancy to test for CMV? (to prevent birth defects)
TORCH test
AE of CMV infection
- CMV retinitis = vision loss
2. collitis = GI tract disturbance
what is drug of choice for CMV?
ganciclovir /valganciclovir
what are the serious AE of ganciclovir? (3)
bone marrow suppression
teratogenic
mutagenesis/carcinogenesis
administration time for valganciclovir (IV)
over 1 hour … sloooooow
what drug should you avoid direct contact with as an RN; it should arrive from pharmacy in hazardous drug packaging
ganciclovir/valganciclovir
