antifungal, antihelmintic, ecoparasiticide Flashcards
exam 3
superficial fungal infections affect what body components?
skin, scalp, nails, mucus membranes
systemic fungal infections affect what body components?
internal organs (lungs, brain, digestive organs)
which is more rare and difficult to treat (superficial or systemic fungal infection)?
systemic
superficial fungal infections are commonly treated with what type of application?
topical
systemic fungal infections are commonly treated with what type of medication application?
pills or IV meds
populations most at risk for systemic infections
immunocompromised, debilitated, those with transplants, cancer history or with HIV
amphotericin B (amphoterrible) route
IV - central line is preferred
3 major adverse effects of ampho B
- nephrotoxicity
- electrolyte imbalance (K + Mg)
- anemia
3 labs to monitor with ampho B
- BUN, creatinine
- K and Mg
- CBC (H+H)
at what creatinine level should you stop administration of ampho B?
> 3.5
describe administration steps for ampho B
*central line* give 500mL-1L of NS over 1 hour premedicate - tylenol + benadryl change IV tubing for D5 administer ampho B over 4 hours... slooooowwwww give 500mL - 1L NS over 1 hour replace K or Mg
over how many hours should ampho B be given?
4 hours
when administering ampho B, if patient gets rigors, what can you give them?
meperidine (Demerol) or Dantrolene
“azoles” can be given via which routes?
topical, oral, parenteral
prototype for “azole”
itraconazole
3 major adverse events from itraconazole
- GI upset
- cardio suppression
- liver injury
based on the adverse event (liver injury) known with itraconazole, which s+s should you look for?
- n/v/d
- RUQ pain, jaundice, anorexia
which product can you give with itraconazole to aid with absorption?
cola
“itraCOCAzole”
re: itraconazole, how should timing be adjusted for administration?
1 hour before drugs that raise gastric pH (H2 blockers, zantac, prilosec)
what is the brand name for itraconazole?
Sporanox
brand name for fluconazole?
Diflucan
what are the adverse effects of fluconazole?
- GI upset
- Stevens Johnson Syndrome
what are the 2 organisms that cause superficial mycoses infections?
- candida species
- dermatophytic infections (ringworm)
dermatophytic infections are usually confined to which areas of the body?
skin, hair, nails
what are some of the applications you would see for superficial mycoses infections?
cream, ointment, suppository, troche, swish and spit
re: superficial mycoses, what is a common problem/example? (3/4 of females will get at least once a lifetime)
yeast infection
what are 2 examples of meds used for superficial mycoses infections?
clotrimazole
nystatin
re: clotrimazole and nystatin, what are the adverse effects (2)?
local irritation (w/topical) GI upset (oral)
helminths are what?
parasitic worms
most frequent site of helminth infection
intestine
what is the prototype for antihelminthic drugs?
meBENDazole (“bending intestine”)
what is the drug of choice for most intestinal roundworms + mixed infestations?
mebendazole
what is the mechanism of action for mebendazole?
prevent glucose uptake by intestinal worms (sloooowww kill)
how many days does it take for mebendazole clearance [of worms]?
up to 3 days
what adverse effects may you see with mebendazole? why?
RARE diarrhea + abdominal pain
if they had large worm infestation
what is infestation with lice called?
pediculosis
what is infestation with mites called?
scabies
what infestation is characterized by itching worse at bedtime?
scabies
what is the prototype for ectoparasiticides?
permethrin (Nix, Elimite)
mechanism of action for permethrin
paralysis of insect (doesn’t affect ova as much)
adverse effects of permethrin
exacerbation of itching, erythema, edema, burning
what is a helpful piece of information to give to clients about tx of scabies? (re: time)
it may take up to 2 weeks for itching to resolve
