non haemolytic anaemia

Question 1

define non haemolytic anaemia

Answer 1

Anaemia with normal sized red blood cells.

Non haemolytic anaemia is a result of reduced bone marrow activity and low RBCs.

Question 2

are cells destroyed in non haemolytic anaemia

Answer 2

no

it occurs without cells being destroyed

Question 3

2 main types of non haemolytic anaemia

Answer 3

1. anaemia of chronic kidney disease
2. aplastic anaemia

Question 4

pathophysiology of anaemia of chronic kidney disease

Answer 4

1. occurs due to a lack of EPO.
2. EPO is produced in
   the kidneys and helps to stimulate the
   bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
3. low EPO = a decrease in bone marrow stimulation and therefore fewer RBCs.

Question 5

pathophysiology of aplastic anaemia

Answer 5

1. The bone marrow is failing (due to either
   
   • viral infection – parvovirus B18 –,
     environmental cause, pregnancy
   • or an inherited cause)
2. results in very low RBC production and pancytopenia.
3. There is also a reduction in haemopoietic stem cells.

Question 6

signs and symptoms of non haemolytic anaemia

Answer 6

• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations
• Fatigue
• Dyspnoea
• Dizziness
• Bleeding due to thrombocytopenia
• Infection due to leukopenia
• Pallor
• CKD Signs (oedema, hypertension, pruritis,
  etc.)

Question 7

3 investigations for non haemolytic anaemia

Answer 7

1. FBC+BLOOD FILM
2. Bone Marrow Aspiration and
   Biopsy
3. Increased Bleeding Time (for
   aplastic)

Question 8

what does FBC+blood film for non haemolytic anaemia show

Answer 8

• Pancytopenia
• normocytic
• normochromic
• decreased reticulocytes.

Question 9

treatment for anaemia of chronic kidney disease

Answer 9

EPO + Iron

Question 10

treatment for aplastic anaemia

Answer 10

• Supportive care
• Blood transfusion
• haemopoietic stem cell transplant`
• immunosuppressants