lymphoma

Question 1

define lymphoma

Answer 1

A type of cancer affecting the lymphocytes inside the lymphatic system.

Question 2

what are the 2 classifications of lymphoma

Answer 2

1. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (a specific type of lymphoma)
2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (all other types)

Question 3

what is the most common specific type of lymphoma

Answer 3

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 4

what ages does hodgkins lymphoma affect

Answer 4

It has a bimodal age distribution, which peaks around 20-25 and 80 years

Question 5

risk factors for hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 5

• HIV
• Epstein-Barr virus
• Autoimmune conditions
• Family history

Question 6

what different types of lymphoma does non hodgkins lymphoma include

Answer 6

1.Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
2. Burkitt Lymphoma
3. MALT lymphoma

Question 7

describe diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Answer 7

(fast-growing, painless tumour in the
elderly).

Question 8

what is burkitt lymphoma associated with

Answer 8

associated with EBV
and HIV

Question 9

describe MALT lymphoma

Answer 9

affects the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue around the stomach

Question 10

risk factors for non hodgkins kymphoma

Answer 10

*HIV
* Epstein-Barr virus
* Helicobacter pylori
* Hep B/C
* Exposure to pesticides
* Exposure to trichloroethylene
* Family history

Question 11

what is lymphadenopathy

Answer 11

a symptom of lymphoma

(enlarged lymph nodes)
are characteristically non-tender and feel firm/rubbery.

Question 12

what do hodgkins lymphoma patients have after drinking alcohol

Answer 12

lymph node pain

Question 13

what are the symptoms of lymphoma

Answer 13

• lymphadenopathy
• B symptoms
• non specific symptoms

Question 14

what are the B symptoms

Answer 14

• Fever
• Weight loss
• Night sweats

Question 15

what are the non specific symptoms of lymphoma

Answer 15

• Fatigue
• Itching
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Abdominal pain
• Recurrent infections

Question 16

diagnostic investugation for lymphoma

Answer 16

lymph node biopsy

Question 17

what does lymph node biopsy for hodgkins lymphoma show

Answer 17

Reed-Sternberg cells are seen on a biopsy of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

(large cancerous B lymphocytes with 2 nuclei and nucleoli)

Question 18

what is used to stage lymphoma

Answer 18

CT, MRI, and PET scans may be used to diagnose and stage the disease.

Question 19

how to classify lymphoma

Answer 19

Lugano Classification

(replacing the older Ann-Arbour system)

It notes the location of the affected nodes.

Question 20

what are the stages of lugano classification for lymphoma

Answer 20

Stage 1 – Confined to one node or group of nodes
Stage 2 – In more than one group of nodes but on
the same side of the diaphragm.
Stage 3 – Affects lymph nodes both above and
below the diaphragm
Stage 4 – Widespread involvement, including
non-lymphatic organs (liver, lungs, etc)

Question 21

how to manage hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 21

chemotheraoy and radiotherapy

Question 22

is Hodgkins lymphoma treatment successful

Answer 22

The treatment aims to cure the disease and is usually
successful.

Question 23

lymphoma chemotheraoy side effects

Answer 23

infections, cognitive impairment,
secondary cancers, and infertility.

Question 24

lymphoma radiotheraoy side effects

Answer 24

tissue fibrosis, secondary cancers, and infertility.

Question 25

how to treat non hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 25

Depending on the type and stage – treatment involves:
* Watchful waiting
* Chemotherapy
* Monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)
* Radiotherapy
* Stem cell transplantation