lymphoma Flashcards
define lymphoma
A type of cancer affecting the lymphocytes inside the lymphatic system.
what are the 2 classifications of lymphoma
- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (a specific type of lymphoma)
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (all other types)
what is the most common specific type of lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
what ages does hodgkins lymphoma affect
It has a bimodal age distribution, which peaks around 20-25 and 80 years
risk factors for hodgkins lymphoma
- HIV
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Autoimmune conditions
- Family history
what different types of lymphoma does non hodgkins lymphoma include
1.Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
2. Burkitt Lymphoma
3. MALT lymphoma
describe diffuse large B cell lymphoma
(fast-growing, painless tumour in the
elderly).
what is burkitt lymphoma associated with
associated with EBV
and HIV
describe MALT lymphoma
affects the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue around the stomach
risk factors for non hodgkins kymphoma
*HIV
* Epstein-Barr virus
* Helicobacter pylori
* Hep B/C
* Exposure to pesticides
* Exposure to trichloroethylene
* Family history
what is lymphadenopathy
a symptom of lymphoma
(enlarged lymph nodes)
are characteristically non-tender and feel firm/rubbery.
what do hodgkins lymphoma patients have after drinking alcohol
lymph node pain
what are the symptoms of lymphoma
- lymphadenopathy
- B symptoms
- non specific symptoms
what are the B symptoms
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
what are the non specific symptoms of lymphoma
- Fatigue
- Itching
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Abdominal pain
- Recurrent infections
diagnostic investugation for lymphoma
lymph node biopsy
what does lymph node biopsy for hodgkins lymphoma show
Reed-Sternberg cells are seen on a biopsy of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(large cancerous B lymphocytes with 2 nuclei and nucleoli)
what is used to stage lymphoma
CT, MRI, and PET scans may be used to diagnose and stage the disease.
how to classify lymphoma
Lugano Classification
(replacing the older Ann-Arbour system)
It notes the location of the affected nodes.
what are the stages of lugano classification for lymphoma
Stage 1 – Confined to one node or group of nodes
Stage 2 – In more than one group of nodes but on
the same side of the diaphragm.
Stage 3 – Affects lymph nodes both above and
below the diaphragm
Stage 4 – Widespread involvement, including
non-lymphatic organs (liver, lungs, etc)
how to manage hodgkins lymphoma
chemotheraoy and radiotherapy
is Hodgkins lymphoma treatment successful
The treatment aims to cure the disease and is usually
successful.
lymphoma chemotheraoy side effects
infections, cognitive impairment,
secondary cancers, and infertility.
lymphoma radiotheraoy side effects
tissue fibrosis, secondary cancers, and infertility.
how to treat non hodgkins lymphoma
Depending on the type and stage – treatment involves:
* Watchful waiting
* Chemotherapy
* Monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)
* Radiotherapy
* Stem cell transplantation
