Non-gyn cytology Flashcards
What is the difference between gynaecological cytology and non-gyn cytology?
Gyn cytology is screening of the cervix, while non-gyn cytology os diagnostic and screening everywhere but the cervix
What are the 3 steps of cytology?
sample, retrieve cells, stain
What are the two most popular stains?
PAP and romanowsky/Giemsa (MGG)
What are two ways of fixing cells to a slide?
Alcohol fixation (resembles boiled egg) and air drying (resembles fried egg)
What is a category 3 lab?
A lab that runs under negative pressure, i.e. air can enter but not leave
What is a positive and negative for using urine cytology for detection of tumour?
It has low sensitivity for low-grade abnormalities but good for high-grade malignancies and carcinomas
What are features of malignancy in the cells? (7 in answer)
High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei, abnormal chromatin pattern, irregular nuclear membranes, nuclear polymer, abnormal mitosis, irregular nucleoli
What are the 3 groups of non-small cell carcinomas?
Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma and large cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma
What technique is used to identify which if the three sub-groups of non-small carcinomas a patient may have?
Immunohistochemistry
What is EGFR and its significance in lung cancer?
EGFR stands for epidermal growth factor receptor. It is mutated in lung cancer, which causes cells to grow at a faster rate
Define neoplasm
new and abnormal growth in a part of the body
Define metastatic neoplasm
Patient has gone back into remission
What part of the cell will PAP stain?
Nuclear details
What part of the cell will MGG stain?
Cytoplasm
What is EBUS-FNA?
Endobronchial ultrasound fine needle aspiration. It is minimally invasive, able to sample wide range of areas
