Non Egyptian Ancient And Medeval African Civilizations Flashcards
The cultural florescence of a particular society emerged around 1,000 B.C. Its culture materialized along the Jos Plateau terrain. The Terra Cotta were sculptural representation of both humans and Elephants . 500B.C. was the time of technological advancement that introduced invented furnace. This stimulated the surfeits of argillaceous potteries and kaolin crafts . Artisan alongside the Nokite society floundered into an evanescent state. 200 A.D. marked as the epochal era of decline and cultural dissolution. The successive cultures of Yoruba of Ife and Binkins of Benin treasured the cultural preservation vis the Bronze Smelting figurines.
Nok Culture
The Pulchritude of Ancient African Rupestrian Aesthetics began its Cultural Evolution and naissance around 24,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence of fossilized rock painting surfaced at the Apollosite in Africa. Where exactly ?
Namibia
Makuria was one of the Christian Nubian Kingdom that spanned from 350 A.D. to 1500 A.D. What was the Capital of this Kingdom ?
Dongola
Alodia as the last surviving Christian Nubian kingdom of the 16th Century C.E. until further invasion . Abdallah. Jamma was the head of the Arab Confederation who commandeered the mass destruction of Soba , the Capital of Alodia . Eventually , the Funj Sultanate controlled Alodia . This marked the terminus of Alodia sovereignty in Post 16th Century.
Alodia : the Final year of Christan Nubia
Bordering along the Chari River South of Lake Chad , the Sao Civilization evolved around the Sixth Century B.C. Its existence spanned from 500 B.C. to 1599 A.D. Archaeological fossils confirmed the Sao people as the primogenitor. Their Earliest ancestors left trace of Footprints along the Cameroon. The Sao artifacts embody a rich treasure trove of artisanal potteries , bronze , sculptures , Terra Cotta statues of both humans and mammals , funerary , urns , jewelry , javelin spears and household utensils. The excavation site reveals its ancestral relics in the region South of Lake Chad. What neoteric people claim descent from the Sao ?
Sara People
By the 15th Century C. E. , there was an augmented acceleration of Arab immigration into the faltering Christian Nubia . Islamization and Arabization ensued thus supplanting the Makurian religion of Monophysite Christianity. The pattern of Racial Amalgamation unfurled between the African indigenes and the Arabs. The Arabs continued to introduced Arab’s culture , linguistics , and customs . By the 16th Century , the Islamization of Makuria and Nobatia officiated.
Arab Cultural Imperialism
Merriam Webster defines Monophysite as “…One holding the Doctrine that Christ has a single inseparable nature that is…divine and human rather than having 2 distinct but unified nature…” Christian Nubia of the 6th Century C.E. adopted this religion called ? .
Monophysite Christianity
The 13th Century marked as the beginning of Christian Nubia sunderance. Its glory since the mid 4th Century C.E ( 350 A.D. ) came to a screeching halt. The Church of Nobility saw and witnessed the diminution of the Monarchical Authority in both sects. The Arab Boudin tribes continued to marshall its infiltration and Colonization of Black Nubia. By 1366 A.D . , Christian Nubia descended into petty fiefdoms in the wake of the Egyptian Mamluk’s sudden irruption .
Egyptian Mamluk
In the wake of the Aksumite & Ethiopian King Ezana’s conquest of Meroe and his decreed expurgation of the Merorites in 350 A.D. , the forlorn migrants fled Egypt & commenced a Hegira southward. They established the 3 Christian Nubian Kingdoms : 1. Makuria as situated above the 3rd cataract. Its eponymous capital Dongola was named after the Dongola Reach .; 2.) Nobatia as situated North of the Cataract . Its capital called Faras; and 3. Alodia as straddled along the Southern terrain of the cataract. Soba became its capital. These kingdoms existed in the neoteric Sudan and spanned from 350 A.D. - 1599 A.D.
Christian Nubia : its Evolution
This primordial Empire evolved as the 1st Political Infrastructure in Yoruba History. Oduduwa became the Founder who concentrated his jurisdiction over the neoteric terrain of Southwestern Nigeria and Eastern Benin. This. Medieval Empire spanned 2 Centuries ( 1200 A.D. - 1420 A.D.) . Linguistically , the denizens conversed in Yoruba and other multilingual dialects in the assiduous Capital of Ile Ife. , the largest urbanized encore. The Oba ruled under the system of Elective Monarchy. Religiously , they observed Yoruba Isese and Islam. Identify this Medieval Empire.
Ife Empire
The temporary confinement and enclosure of captured Africans and convicts who were stationed and detained in the fetid barracks. Its Spanish etymology is Baracon while the Catalan archaic term is Baracca .
Barracoons
Meroe ( 730 B.C. ) had relished years of shining glory and cultural renaissance. It , however , reached the level of sunderance. It was the 3rd and final Capital of the Kingdom of Kush. There were tenable variables and factors that hastened its downfall in Sudan around 350 A.D.. : 1. Abuse of the Arboriculture via excessive felling of the arboreal trees as needed for iron production ; 2. Corollary devastation of the ecosystem ; and other vulnerability.
Aksumite Ethiopian King Ezana’s invasion
Aksumite King Ezana of Ethiopia changed the course of the Nubian civilization in the Mid 4th Century C.E. He commandeered his troops’ invasion , irruption , and sacking of this final Ancient Nubia in 350 A.D.
Meroe
As the 3rd Ancient Nubian Kingdom , it emanated from the dissolved Ta Seti Sacral Chiefdom’s consolidation effort . Its geographical terrain was at the 3rd cataract in Sudan. Historian made inferential claim about the indigenes Intracontinental migration from Ta Seti controlled zones of the 1st and 2nd cataracts. From 3000B.C. to 1700 B.C. , the Rulers were lying in wait like furtive Black Panthers . It territorially conquered the Sai Kingdom in 1700 B.C. The occupied territoties spanned from the 1st Cataract to the confluence of the Blue Nile , the Atabarah river , and the White Nile . The Kingdom from 1575 B.C. to 1550 B.C. staged a territorial absorption of Egypt upon allying with the Hyksos . This empowered tge Kingdom to adopt the nascent appellation: The Kush. Yet , the 16th to 11th Century B.C. entered into a Cultural Renaissance between 1550 and 1050 B.C. via their avenging spirit of retaliation: Egypt subdued and reigned over the Kush for 5 Centuries. Acculturation and Egyptianization of the Kushites ensued. Around 1100 B.C. , Egypt withdrew from the Kush. A New African Kingdom evolved into THIS.
Ancient Nubia Kerma
The Twelfth Century B.C. brokered a nascent chapter forcthis Ancient Nubian Kingdom ( formerly KERMA) . The Kingdom Cultural Renaissance grew exponentially in the wake of Egypt’s renunciation of Power and of the kingdom’s regained sovereignty and independence in 1100 B.C. The Kushites named Napata as both the Ancient Nubian Capital and a Spiritual Center. Amun was the religiously observed Deity. By the 8th Century B.C. , this Kingdom strategically invaded and sieged the Egyptian Capital , Thebes ( Luxir , du jour ) . This destined the naissance of the Nubian Empire in 760 B.C. Its mighty power consolidated Egypt under its reign for the several years ( 744 B.C. - 664 B.C. ) . Assyrians , the allies of Egypt , overtook this Kingdom with its unfamiliar and utilitarian weaponry made of Iron. Egypt mobilized its coercive expurgation of the Kushite from Napata .
Ancient Nubia Kush
