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NP1 - TOP 8 > NON-COMMUNICABLE DSE > Flashcards

NON-COMMUNICABLE DSE Flashcards

1
Q

-no definite cause
-aka essential/ idiopathic HPN
-90% of all hypertension
-Attributed to atherosclerosis

A

Primary HPN

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2
Q

-result of some other primary DSE

A

-Secondary HPN

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3
Q

Risk factor for HPN

A

-Family history
-Age/advance age
-High Salt Intake
-obesity
-Excessive Alcohol Intake

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4
Q

Fat distribution is more important risk factor than actual weight as
measured by:

A

waist-to-hip ratio
↑ waist-to-hip ratio = HPN

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5
Q

have a much higher risk of disability and
death from a stroke than Whites

A

Black American

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6
Q

(the rapid, uncoordinated beating of the heart’s upper chambers) in particular,
raises the risk for stroke.

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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7
Q

Risk Factors of CAD

A

-Elevated blood lipids/cholesterol:↑ LDL & ↓HDL
- Smoking/ Tobacco Use

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8
Q

Risk factors of stroke

A

-Increasing age
-Sex
-Heredity (family history) and race: African americans/ black
-HPN
-Cigarette smoking
-DM
-Heart Disease
-High RBC count: thick blood= clots
-season & climate
-socioeconomic
-excessive alcohol intake
-Certain kinds of drug abuse: cocaine

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9
Q

cancers have multiple causes and risk factors.

A

-Heredity/Family History
-Carcinogens: agent causing CA
-Chemicals & Environmental Agents
-Benzopyrene: charcoal broiled/smoked;
burned food
-Nitrosamines: preservatives in tocino
-Radiation
-Viruses

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10
Q

Key Areas for Primary Prevention of Cancers

A
  • Smoking Cessation
    -Encourage Proper Nutrition
    -Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation.
    -Avoid/control obesity
    -early diagnosis
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11
Q

e major cardiovascular complication of COPD:

A

cor pulmonale

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12
Q

COMMON RISK FACTORS OF LEADING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

A

-Smoking
-Nutrition/Diet
-Physical inactivity
-Obesity
-Alcohol
-Raised Blood Pressure
-Blood Glucose
-Blood lipids

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13
Q

Key areas for prevention:

A

-PROMOTE PROPER NUTRITION:
-ENCOURAGE MORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
-PROMOTE SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENT
-DISCOURAGE EXCESSIVE DRINKING OF ALCOHOL BEVERAGES
-EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROMPT TREATMENT

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14
Q

Guideline for adequate vegetable and fruit Intake

A

-2-3 servings of vegetables each day
-one serving is green or yellow leafy vegetables.

     One serving means:  Raw vegetables 1 cup  Cooked vegetables 1/2 cup

Eat at least 2 servings of fruit per day,
1 serving is a vitamin C rich fruit.
one serving depends on your type.

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15
Q

Body fat can best be assessed using?

A

-Body Mass Index (BMI): Total body fat in relation to height & weight
-Waist circumference

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16
Q

BMI is calculated using the following formula:

A

BMI = Weight in Kgs I Height in meters

<18.5 =Underweight
18.5- 24.9= Normal
25-29.9= Overweight
30-34.9= Obese I
35-39.9 = Obese II
40> = Obese III

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17
Q

accurate measure of the amount
of visceral fat.

A

Waist Circumference (WC)

Procedure:
Subject should be unclothed at the waist
-standing with abdomen relaxed,
-arms at the sides,
-feet together.
-Use nonstretchable tape
measure and do not compress the skin.

Male: <90/94
Female: <80

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18
Q

Determine fat distribution:

A

WHR = Waist circumference (cm)/
Hip circumference (cm)

Men: <0.95
Female: <0.80

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19
Q

“presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests, examination or other procedures which can be applied rapidly.”
-not a diagnostic measure, but is a preliminary step in
the assessment of the healthy individuals’ chances of becoming unhealthy.

A

Screening

GOAL: to detect a disease in its early stages, to be able to treat it and prevent further development of the disease.

20
Q

sustained SBP of 140 mmHg or more and sustained DBP of 90 mmHg or more
- at least two visits taken at least one week apart.

A

HPN

21
Q

Warning Signs for Cancer

“CAUTION US”

A

C Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A A sore that does not heal.
U Unusual bleeding or discharge.
T Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere.
I Indigestion and difficulty in swallowing
O Obvious change in wart or mole.
N Nagging cough or hoarseness in voice
U Unexplained anemia
S Sudden weight loss.

22
Q

Breast Cancer
Warning Signs

A

Skin changes
* Edema
* Dimpling or inflammation “peau de orange”
- orange peel like skin
* Ulceration
* Prominent venous pattern
Nipple abnormalities
* Retraction
* Rashes or discharge
Abnormal Contours
* Variation in size and shape of breasts

23
Q

-most affordable screening procedure
-to increase awareness
and promote self-care.

A

Breast-Self Examination

24
Q

when is the best time to do BSE

A

The best time to do BSE is one
week after menstrual period while taking a shower facing the mirror standing up or lying down.

25
Q

-something done at home, like washing the dishes, sweeping
the floor.
-done outside the house, like
sweeping or raking leaves in the yard or gardening.
-household chores

A

Physical activity

26
Q

“planned, structured and repetitive movement done to improve
or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.”
-energy expenditure & planning

A

Exercise

27
Q

The minimum amount of physical activity required for health benefits can be achieved through:

A
  • at least 30 minutes, cumulative, of moderate intensity, most days of the week,
    or
  • at least 30 minutes, cumulative, of vigorous intensity, 3 or more days of the week
28
Q

Three main strategies to address the nutrition problems and practices
of Filipinos that are related to non-communicable diseases. These are:

A

ABC of promoting healthy nutrition
-Aim for ideal body weight
-Build healthy nutrition-related practices
-Choose foods wisely

29
Q

Direct measurement for nutritional status

A

-BMI
-Waist circumference
-waist-hip ratio

30
Q

Indirect measurement for nutritional status

A

-24 hour food recall method: asking client type & specific amount of food eaten in previous 24 hours.

31
Q

Strategies In Helping Smokers to Quit:
(four) 4 A’s

A

A -ASK.
Step 1 - Assess smoking status. Identify all tobacco users at every visit

A -ADVISE TO STOP SMOKING AND THAT SMOKING CAN CAUSE
DISEASE, EVEN DEATH.
Step 2- Target clients’ motivation to quit
Step 3 - Encourage complete cessation.
Step 4 - Discuss alternatives and substitutes to smoking.

A -ASSIST
Step 5- Develop a quit plan with the smoker. Set a QUIT DATE
Step 6 -. Provide supplementary materials to assist the smoker.
Step 7- Develop a plan to prevent relapse.

A - ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
Step 8 - Set follow-up sessions to monitor progress and prevent relapses.

32
Q

four pillars for successful anti-tobacco programs.

A

1 . Aggressive health information dissemination combined with comprehensive advertising bans on tobacco products;
2. Government-supported and multisectoral programs to encourage and help smokers break free of their addiction to smoking;
3. Building anti-tobacco coalitions to help governments, individuals, and sectors to rid tobacco from their systems; and
4. The taxation of tobacco products to create an economic disincentive for the
buying of higher priced cigarettes.

33
Q

is any change that one must adapt to, ranging from the negative extreme
of actual physical danger to exhilaration of falling in love or achieving some long
desired success.

A

Stress

34
Q

12 stress Management techniques

A

Spirituality
Self awareness
Scheduling: Time management
Siesta
Stretching
Sensation Techniques
Sports
Socials
Sounds and Songs
Speak to Me
Stress Debriefing
Smile

35
Q

Assist crisis workers I team member
to deal positively with the emotional impact of a severe event I disaster and to provide education about current and anticipated stress responses, as well as
stress management.

A

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

36
Q

a global initiative to eliminate avoidable
blindness by the year 2020.

NATIONAL PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS PROGRAM

A

“The Right to Sight”

priority worldwide are the 5 preventable/treatable conditions :
-Cataract
-Refractive errors and Low vision
-Trachoma
-Onchocerciasis
-Childhood blindness

37
Q

leading cause of visual impairment and of bilateral ormonocular low vision.

A

Errors of refraction

38
Q

leading cause of bilateral (62%) and
monocular blindness.

A

Cataract

39
Q

Vision/Mission/Goals/Objectives

A

A. Vision
All Filipinos enjoy the right to sight by year 2020

B. Mission
The Department of Health, Local Health Units, partners and stakeholders commit
-Strengthen partnership
-empower communities in promotion eye health
-provide access to quality eye care
-work toward poverty alleviation

C. Goal
Reduce the prevalence of avoidable blindness in the Philippines through the
provision of quality eye care.

D. Objectives:
1: Increase Cataract Surgical Rate from 730 to 2,500 by the year 2010
2: Reduce visual impairment due to refractive errors by 10% by the year 2010
3: Reduce the prevalence of visual disability in children from 0.43% to 0.20% by the year 2010

40
Q

A state of well being
where a person can realize his or her own abilities to cope with normal stresses of life and work productively

A

Mental Health

41
Q

Four Facets as Public Health Burdden

A

-Defined burden: burden currently affecting person w/ Mental disorder.
quality of life & DALY

-Undefined burden: portion of burden relating to persons other than individual.
Socioeconomic loss.

-Hidden burden: Stigma & violations of human rights.
Stigma: mark of shame, disgrace to disapproval result to rejection.

-Future burden: Burden in the future resulting from the aging.

42
Q

Mental Health Sub-Programs

A

A. Wellness of Daily Living:process of attaining and maintaining mental-well

B. Extreme Life Experiences: that threatens personal equilibrium

C. Mental Disorder

D. Substance Abuse & Other Forms of Addiction

43
Q

the Organ Donation Act of 1991, legalizes this thru the organ donor
card.

A

RA 7170

44
Q

a creative application of the Primary Health Care approach in rehabilitation
services for persons with disabilities.

A

COMMUNITY-BASED REHABILITATION PROGRAM

45
Q

pRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP

A

15-59 Y.O

46
Q

Young age group
elderly age group

A

0-14 y.o.

60 y.o. and above

47
Q

Magna Carta for Disabled Persons

A

RA 7277

NP1 - TOP 8 (10 decks)

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