CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
There are four major non-communicable diseases AKA chronic dse or lifestyle related diseases:
-Cardiovascular diseases,
-Cancer
-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases)
-DM
combines the number of years of
healthy life lost to premature death with time spent in less than full health.
disability adjusted life year or DALY
*One DALY can be thought of as one lost healthy year of life
The life expectancy of Filipinos in 2002
69.6 Years
non-communicable diseases AKA chronic dse or lifestyle related diseases are linked by three major risk factors:
-tobacco smoking
-physical inactivity
-Unhealthy diet
Below are the risk factors with the corresponding prevalence rates:
a. Physical inactivity ………… 60.5%
b. Smoking …………………….. 34.8%
c. Hypertension ……………….. 22.5%
(SBP> 140 or DBP>90)
d. Hypercholesterolemia ……. 8.5%
(TC>240)
e. Obesity ………………………. .4.9%
(BMI>30)
f. Diabetes ……………………….. 4.6%
major strategy ___across the
life course and prevention of the emergence of the risk factors in the first place.
health promotion
as a way of life that
promotes and protects health and well-being. This would include practices that
promote health such as healthy diet and nutrition, regular and adequate physical activity and leisure, avoidance of substances such as tobacco, alcohol and other addicting substances, adequate stress management and relaxation; and practices that offer protection from health risks such as safe sex and immunization
healthy lifestyle
What is the goal of a comprehensive integrated community based non-communicable disease prevention and control program?
Reduce the toll(no.) of morbidity, disability and premature deaths due to chronic, non-communicable lifestyle related disease.
What are the objectives of the comprehensive integrated community based non-communicable disease prevention and control program?
- Analyze the social, economic, political and behavioral determinants of NCD
that will serve as bases for:
a. Developing policy guidelines;
b. Setting legislative and political directions, and
c. Providing financial measures to support NCD prevention and control.
What is the initial step in developing a plan for NCD prevention and control?
- Assessment of disease burden in a locality.
-NCD surveillance: identify vulnerable population groups, social, political, economic and cultural factors that predispose population to NCD.
2.Reduce exposure of individuals and population to major determinants of NCD while preventing emergence of preventable common risk factors.
a. Proposing healthy public policies that encourage health-promoting settings in school, workplaces and communities
b. Encouraging governments to provide protection against activities by industry
and commerce that promote unhealthy products and lifestyles
c. Communicating the consequences of major risk factors of NCD.
- Strengthen health care for people with NCD through health sector reforms and cost effective interventions.
APPROACHES TO NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL:
- Comprehensive Approach Focused on Primary Prevention:
a. Primordial prevention: prevent the emergence of risk factors
b. Specific protection from NCD by removal of risk factors or reduction in their level
2.Community-based Approach:
-recognizes people as
the center of any health and development effort.
-The community is given the
right, responsibility and capability to identity and address its own health problems and needs.
- Integrated Approach:
-NCD and major risk factors are not solely as health issues. risk factors are rooted on the people’s way and quality of life.
-Primary prevention: health services and activities at the community level utilizing primary health care approach.
-Secondary & Tertiary prevention: Through a referral pathway.
The key ingredients to successful and sustainable community-based health initiatives are:
- Active community participation;
- Involvement of community leaders, community committees and other community groups;
- Strong support and guidance from local governments and technical experts;
- Multi-sectoral collaboration.
Key intervention strategies NCD programs:
- Establishing program direction and infrastructure
-Community diagnosis: becomes basis for program plan & action & rational resourcing. Establishing a’ieam to manage the program is a must.
2.Changing environments.
-develop policies and programs that
ensure health and environment are not compromised by economic progress.
-e.g., Walking lanes, biking lanes, parks accessible and attractive to people and encourage physical activity & exercise.
- Changing lifestyle.
-Raising public awareness by producing and disseminating information through mass media.
-Community level: mother’s classes, barangay assembly, posting in sari-sari store. - Reorienting health services.
-Reorienting focus of health service delivery from cure to health promotion or wellness.
The Role of Public Health Nurse in NCD Prevention and Control:
HEALTH ADVOCATE
HEALTH ADVOCATE
- helps the people towards optimal degree of independence in decision-making and in asserting their right to a safer and better community.
- Informing the people about the rightness of the cause.
-Thoroughly discussing with the people the nature of the alternatives, their
content and consequences.
-Supporting people’s right to make a choice and to act on the choice.
-Influencing public opinion
The Role of Public Health Nurse in NCD Prevention and Control:
HEALTH EDUCATOR
-promoting health as well as reducing behavior-induced disease.
-prevention and control, health
education focuses on establishing or inducing changes that promote healthier living.
-Inform the people: awareness of health needs and problems.
- Motivate the people: motivated to make choices and decisions about habits and practices. Provide learning experience.
-Guide people into action: Support comes in the form of making essential health services affordable, available and accessible.
The Role of Public Health Nurse in NCD Prevention and Control:
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
-rendering primary, secondary and tertiary health care services in community, school and workplace.
-emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention.
-action is directed towards
the reduction of risk factors of non-communicable diseases.
-Primary: family oriented; habits & lifestyle.
-Secondary: clinical medicine; relieve pain, cure and prevent death.
-Rehabilitation: prevent potential consequences.
