Non-communicable diseases

Question 1

state some non communicable diseases:

Answer 1

cancer
diabetes
genetic disorders and conditions
heart disease
neurological disorders

Question 2

what is the risk factor and effect of Type 2 diabetes ?

Answer 2

Obesity, Blood sugar levels cannot be regulated properly

Question 3

what is the risk factor and effect of Liver cirrhosis?

Answer 3

Alcohol, Scar tissue is formed in the liver which stops it removing toxins

Question 4

what is the risk factor and effect of Lung cancer?

Answer 4

Smoking, causes lung cancer and also the underdevelopment of unborn babies

Question 5

how do cancers occur?

Answer 5

when cell division goes wrong. This causes cells to grow out of control, which form a tumour

Question 6

give a description of the two types of tumours:

Answer 6

malignant - these tumours are cancerous and can break apart, move around the body and start new cancers in a process called metastasis

benign - these tumours are less serious because they are not cancerous, and do not spread

Question 7

how could a person reduce their chance of developing cancer?

Answer 7

not smoking, exercising regularly and eating healthy foods.

Question 8

how could cancer be treated? (3)

Answer 8

by chemotherapy - using chemicals to kill cancerous cells
by radiotherapy - using x-rays to kill cancerous cells
palliative - this helps a person who has fatal cancer to die as comfortably as possible

Question 9

what does smoking increase the risk of?

Answer 9

cardiovascular disease

Question 10

how could smoking affect the arteries? (3)

Answer 10

-damages the lining of the arteries, including the coronary arteries.
-damage encourages the build-up of fatty material in the arteries.
-this can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.

Question 11

what could the inhalation of carbon monoxide from smoking do?

Answer 11

reduces the amount of oxygen that can be carried by the blood.

Question 12

what does the addictive substance in cigarettes do?

Answer 12

increases heart rate, putting strain on the heart.

Question 13

what do the chemical in cigarettes do?

Answer 13

increase the likelihood of the blood clotting, resulting in a heart attack or stroke.

Question 14

what could a person develop from lung disease from smoking?

Answer 14

COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 15

describe the symptoms of COPD: (3)

Answer 15

-smoking damages the bronchioles and can eventually destroy many of the alveoli in the lungs
-airways become inflamed and mucus, which normally traps particles in the lungs, builds up
-the patient becomes breathless, and finds it more and more difficult to obtain the oxygen required for respiration

Question 16

what do the carcinogens in cigarettes result in?

Answer 16

lung cancer

Question 17

what can excess alcohol consumption result in?

Answer 17

damage to the liver

Question 18

what is Cirrhosis of the liver

Answer 18

when the liver becomes scarred and loses its ability to function.

Question 19

how could you calculate BMI?

Answer 19

weight (kg) / (height (m))2

Question 20

how could you calculate the waist to hip ratio?

what is the obesity in waist:hip measurement as a value for women and men?

Answer 20

waist measurement (in cm) /hip measurement (also in cm).

women = over 0.85
men = over 1.0

Question 21

how does Coronary heart disease occur?

Answer 21

when a waxy plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen.

Question 22

what are statins and what do they do?

Answer 22

drugs that help to lower cholesterol in the blood.
-lower the production of cholesterol in the liver.

Question 23

what are stents and what are they used for?

Answer 23

metal alloys inserted to restore and maintain blood flow in arteries that are blocked or have become narrow

Question 24

when is a heart transplant required?

Answer 24

in cases of heart failure, when the heart fails to pump sufficient blood and organs are starved of oxygen.