Non-communicable diseases Flashcards
state some non communicable diseases:
cancer
diabetes
genetic disorders and conditions
heart disease
neurological disorders
what is the risk factor and effect of Type 2 diabetes ?
Obesity, Blood sugar levels cannot be regulated properly
what is the risk factor and effect of Liver cirrhosis?
Alcohol, Scar tissue is formed in the liver which stops it removing toxins
what is the risk factor and effect of Lung cancer?
Smoking, causes lung cancer and also the underdevelopment of unborn babies
how do cancers occur?
when cell division goes wrong. This causes cells to grow out of control, which form a tumour
give a description of the two types of tumours:
malignant - these tumours are cancerous and can break apart, move around the body and start new cancers in a process called metastasis
benign - these tumours are less serious because they are not cancerous, and do not spread
how could a person reduce their chance of developing cancer?
not smoking, exercising regularly and eating healthy foods.
how could cancer be treated? (3)
by chemotherapy - using chemicals to kill cancerous cells
by radiotherapy - using x-rays to kill cancerous cells
palliative - this helps a person who has fatal cancer to die as comfortably as possible
what does smoking increase the risk of?
cardiovascular disease
how could smoking affect the arteries? (3)
-damages the lining of the arteries, including the coronary arteries.
-damage encourages the build-up of fatty material in the arteries.
-this can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.
what could the inhalation of carbon monoxide from smoking do?
reduces the amount of oxygen that can be carried by the blood.
what does the addictive substance in cigarettes do?
increases heart rate, putting strain on the heart.
what do the chemical in cigarettes do?
increase the likelihood of the blood clotting, resulting in a heart attack or stroke.
what could a person develop from lung disease from smoking?
COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
describe the symptoms of COPD: (3)
-smoking damages the bronchioles and can eventually destroy many of the alveoli in the lungs
-airways become inflamed and mucus, which normally traps particles in the lungs, builds up
-the patient becomes breathless, and finds it more and more difficult to obtain the oxygen required for respiration
what do the carcinogens in cigarettes result in?
lung cancer
what can excess alcohol consumption result in?
damage to the liver
what is Cirrhosis of the liver
when the liver becomes scarred and loses its ability to function.
how could you calculate BMI?
weight (kg) / (height (m))2
how could you calculate the waist to hip ratio?
what is the obesity in waist:hip measurement as a value for women and men?
waist measurement (in cm) /hip measurement (also in cm).
women = over 0.85
men = over 1.0
how does Coronary heart disease occur?
when a waxy plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen.
what are statins and what do they do?
drugs that help to lower cholesterol in the blood.
-lower the production of cholesterol in the liver.
what are stents and what are they used for?
metal alloys inserted to restore and maintain blood flow in arteries that are blocked or have become narrow
when is a heart transplant required?
in cases of heart failure, when the heart fails to pump sufficient blood and organs are starved of oxygen.
