Non communicable diseases Flashcards
What could you do to maintain or improve your health?
Eat a well balanced diet Exercise regularly Reduce stress Seek medical help for mental or physical difficulties Avoid smoking Drink alcohol in moderation only
Risk factors for CHDs
Smoking High fat/cholesterol diet Lack of exercise Obesity High blood pressure Family history of heart disease Diabetes Stressful environment/job
what are the risk factors for CHDs
Smoking High fat/cholesterol diet Lack of exercise Obesity High blood pressure Family history of heart disease Diabetes Stressful environment/job
what are the advantages of stents?
PERMANENT CURE- opens up the arteries
what are the disadvantages of stents?
ANTI-CLOTTING DRUGS will have to be taken
what are the advantages of an artificial pacemaker?
Corrects irregular heart rhythm
what are the disadvantages of an artificial pacemaker?
No contact sports
Battery needs replacing
what are the advantages of biological heart valves?
Soft and silent. Does not damage blood cells
what are the disadvantages of biological heart valves?
May need replacing
what are the advantages of mechanical heart valves?
Do not need replacing
what are the disadvantages of mechanical heart valves?
May damage RBC. Make a noise
what are the advantages of an artificial heart?
Gives patient time until a transplant is available
what are the disadvantages of an artificial heart?
Requires stay in hospital and anti-clotting drugs
what are the features of a benign tumor?
slow growing capsulated non invasive do not metastasize well differentiated
what are the features of a maligant tumor?
fast growing non capsulated invasive and infiltrate metastasize poorly differenciated
what hapens when a cell becomes cancerous?
it begins to grow and divide uncontrollably. New cells are produced – even if the body does not need them.
what is a group of cancerous cells called?
A group of cancerous cells produces a growth called a tumour.
what are the stages of benign tumors?
1) the tumor grows until there is no more room
2) the tumor stays in one place (usually within a membrane) rather than invading other tissues in the body
3) this type isnt normally dangerous, and the tumor isnt cancerous
what are the stages of malignat tumors?
1) this is where the tumor grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues
2) cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream
3) the malignat cells then invade healthy tissues elsewhere in the body and form secondary tumors
4) magnait tumors are dangerous and can be fatal-they are cancers
what is the difference between correlation and causation?
correlation is when a change in one variable is reflected by a change in another variable
CAUSATION – when the change in one variable causes a change in another variable. This needs to be backed by a scientific study that proves this relationship.
How does smoking cigarettes damage the respiratory system?
the cilia are damaged and paralysed. This means that the mucus that traps dust and microbes doesn’t move to the back of the throat. Mucus is trapped & attracts bacteria thereby increasing the chance of infection in the respiratory tract.
what is a non communicable dieases?
its not caused by a pathogen so it cant be passed from person to person
explain how chd can cause a heart attack
there is resticted blood flow so less oxygen reaches the heart, so the heart cant respire enough
Explain how lifestyle and medical risk factors increase the chance of developing CHD?
smoking can lead to high blood pressure, a lack of exersise leads to obestity, excessive alchol use leads to high chelestrol levels, high salt intake can lead to high blood pressure. these areall risk factors that increase the chance of developing chd.
