Non communicable diseases

Question 1

What could you do to maintain or improve your health?

Answer 1

Eat a well balanced diet 
Exercise regularly 
Reduce stress 
Seek medical help for mental or physical difficulties
Avoid smoking
Drink alcohol in moderation only

Question 2

Risk factors for CHDs

Answer 2

Smoking
High fat/cholesterol diet
Lack of exercise
Obesity
High blood pressure
Family history of heart disease
Diabetes
Stressful environment/job

Question 3

what are the risk factors for CHDs

Answer 3

Smoking
High fat/cholesterol diet
Lack of exercise
Obesity
High blood pressure
Family history of heart disease
Diabetes
Stressful environment/job

Question 4

what are the advantages of stents?

Answer 4

PERMANENT CURE- opens up the arteries

Question 5

what are the disadvantages of stents?

Answer 5

ANTI-CLOTTING DRUGS will have to be taken

Question 6

what are the advantages of an artificial pacemaker?

Answer 6

Corrects irregular heart rhythm

Question 7

what are the disadvantages of an artificial pacemaker?

Answer 7

No contact sports

Battery needs replacing

Question 8

what are the advantages of biological heart valves?

Answer 8

Soft and silent. Does not damage blood cells

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of biological heart valves?

Answer 9

May need replacing

Question 10

what are the advantages of mechanical heart valves?

Answer 10

Do not need replacing

Question 11

what are the disadvantages of mechanical heart valves?

Answer 11

May damage RBC. Make a noise

Question 12

what are the advantages of an artificial heart?

Answer 12

Gives patient time until a transplant is available

Question 13

what are the disadvantages of an artificial heart?

Answer 13

Requires stay in hospital and anti-clotting drugs

Question 14

what are the features of a benign tumor?

Answer 14

slow growing
capsulated
non invasive
do not metastasize
well differentiated

Question 15

what are the features of a maligant tumor?

Answer 15

fast growing
non capsulated
invasive and infiltrate
metastasize
poorly differenciated

Question 16

what hapens when a cell becomes cancerous?

Answer 16

it begins to grow and divide uncontrollably. New cells are produced – even if the body does not need them.

Question 17

what is a group of cancerous cells called?

Answer 17

A group of cancerous cells produces a growth called a tumour.

Question 18

what are the stages of benign tumors?

Answer 18

1) the tumor grows until there is no more room
2) the tumor stays in one place (usually within a membrane) rather than invading other tissues in the body
3) this type isnt normally dangerous, and the tumor isnt cancerous

Question 19

what are the stages of malignat tumors?

Answer 19

1) this is where the tumor grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues
2) cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream
3) the malignat cells then invade healthy tissues elsewhere in the body and form secondary tumors
4) magnait tumors are dangerous and can be fatal-they are cancers

Question 20

what is the difference between correlation and causation?

Answer 20

correlation is when a change in one variable is reflected by a change in another variable

CAUSATION – when the change in one variable causes a change in another variable. This needs to be backed by a scientific study that proves this relationship.

Question 21

How does smoking cigarettes damage the respiratory system?

Answer 21

the cilia are damaged and paralysed. This means that the mucus that traps dust and microbes doesn’t move to the back of the throat. Mucus is trapped & attracts bacteria thereby increasing the chance of infection in the respiratory tract.

Question 22

what is a non communicable dieases?

Answer 22

its not caused by a pathogen so it cant be passed from person to person

Question 23

explain how chd can cause a heart attack

Answer 23

there is resticted blood flow so less oxygen reaches the heart, so the heart cant respire enough

Question 24

Explain how lifestyle and medical risk factors increase the chance of developing CHD?

Answer 24

smoking can lead to high blood pressure, a lack of exersise leads to obestity, excessive alchol use leads to high chelestrol levels, high salt intake can lead to high blood pressure. these areall risk factors that increase the chance of developing chd.