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B1 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are the features of a plant cell?

A

cell wall, mitochondria, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell memebrane, chloroplast, nucleus

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2
Q

what is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?

A

a plant cell has a vacluole and a cell wall and an animal cell doesnt.

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3
Q

what are the features of an animal cell?

A

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria

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4
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus controls the cell, it has DNA, which controls the inheritance

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5
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where all the chemical reactions of the cell take place

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6
Q

what is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

The membrane choses what substances enter and leave the cell, fat goes in freely

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7
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Where energy is released by respiration

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8
Q

what is the function of the cell wall?

A

Gives the cell support

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9
Q

what is the function of the chloroplast?

A

It stores chlorophyll. It’s also where photosynthesis takes place

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10
Q

what is the function of the vacuole?

A

The vacuole stores the cell sap (mostly water) can increases in size.

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11
Q

what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus

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12
Q

prokaryotic cells…..

A 
NO NUCLEUS
First living organisms
DNA plasmids
Smaller
Simple nucleus
Naked DNA
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13
Q

eukaryotic cells…..

A

HAS A NUCLEUS
Mitochondria
Larger
Complex cells

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14
Q

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both have…..

A

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes

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15
Q

what is a specilaised cell?

A

A specialised cell is a cell that has adapted to do its job better.

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16
Q

what is are 2 examples of specilased cells?

A

Sperm cell - designed to fertilize eggs

Red blood cell - designed to transport oxygen

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17
Q

how do cells become more specilased?

A

1) Shape
2) Size (surface area)
3) Structurally
4) Then an overall change in function

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18
Q

what is the function of a root hair cell?

A

to absorb water and minerals from the soil

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19
Q

what are the specila features of a root hair cell?

A

large surface area, thin wall for minerals

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20
Q

what is the function of an egg cell?

A

deigned to be fertalised, provides a food store for the embryo

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21
Q

what are the special features of an egg cell?

A

it has yolk and it is large and bulky

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22
Q

what is the function of a nerve cell neurone?

A

carry nerve impulses to diffrent parts of the body

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23
Q

what are the special features of a nerve cell neurone?

A

very long, connections at both ends to carry electrical signals

24
Q

what is the function of a sperm cell?

A

designed to feltilze eggs and enzymes to fuse with egg cell, designed to swim up the ovaries

25
what are the special features of a sperm cell?
small with long tail so it can swim fast pointy head
26
what is the function of a paliside cell?
designed for photosynthesis
27
what are the special features of a paliside cell?
large surface area, packed with chloroplasts
28
what is the function of a ciliated epithelilal?
keeps lungs clean by sweeping up mucus, bacteria, and trapped dust from the troat
29
what are the special features of a ciliated epithelilal?
tiny hair like celia
30
what is the function of white blood cells?
fights disease by killing pathogens, kills bacteria
31
what are the special features of white blood cells?
large nucleus, powerful enzymes
32
what is the function of red blood cells?
transport of oxygen
33
what are the special features of red blood cells?
large surface area
34
what is an example of a single celled organism?
amoeba
35
what is an example of a multi cellular organism?
pola bear
36
what are the feautures of a single cell organism?
Larger surface area to volume ratio All cells exposed to environment Effective gas exchange (respiration)
37
what are the feautures of a multicellular organism?
Smaller surface area to volume ratio Not all cells in contact with external environment Therefore, they have some specialised cells to perform different functions
38
what is diffusion?
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
39
what is osmosis?
the diffusion or movement of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a selectively permeable membrane.
40
diffusion usually results in an ...........
equlibrium
41
diffusion does not require ............... as particles move down the concentration gradient easily.
energy
42
what factors can increase diffusion?
``` Increasing concentration - Increasing the temperature - Decreasing the size - Increasing the surface area - Reducing the distance - ```
43
how will increasing the concentration increase diffusion?
Increasing concentration - increasing the concentration of the gradient means the substance will diffuse faster because more particles can move at a given time.
44
how will increasing the temerature increase diffusion?
Increasing the temperature - increasing the temperature means the heat energy is converted into kinetic energy, meaning the particles will move faster and collide harder.
45
how will decresing the size increase diffusion?
Decreasing the size - smaller molecules will diffuse faster than larger ones.
46
how will increasing the surface area increase diffusion?
Increasing the surface area - increasing the surface area of the exchange surface means rapid diffusion
47
how will reducing the distance increase diffusion?
Reducing the distance - reducing the distance means if the distance is small, diffusion happens faster because the particles do not have as far to travel.
48
what is osmosis?
the diffusion or movement of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a selectively permeable membrane.
49
what happens when a red blood cell is put in a dilute soloution?
water moves in by osmosis, and the red blood cell swells and bursts
50
what happens when a red blood cell is put in a concentrate solotion?
water moves out by osmosis, and the red blood cell shrivels and shrinks
51
what happens when a plant cell is put in a diliute solution?
water moves in by osmosis, the plant cell will swell
52
what happens whena plant cell is put in a concentrate soloution?
water moves out by osmosis, the plant cell will shrink apart from the cell wall
53
what are the step you take for the required practacal, effects of osmosis on plant tissue?
steps to take: Use a cork borer to cut 6 potato cylinders of the same diameter Use a scalpel to trip the cylinders to the same length (about 3 cm) Measure the length of each cylinder using a ruler and the mass of each cylinder using a balance Put each cylinder in a test tube Add 10cm3 of a 1.0M sugar solution and put that in one of the test tubes and label the test tube 1.0M Repeat the previous step to produce the additional labeled boiling tubes containing solutions of 0.25M, 0.5M, 2M and pure water Leave the test tubes for approximately 15 mins Remove the potato cylinders an gently roll them on a paper towel to remove any surface moisture Then measure the length and mass of the cylinders again Calculate the percentage change in mass and length using this equation: percentage change = final-initial / initial x100
54
what is active transport?
when substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient
55
what is an example of active transport for humans?
taking glucose from the gut.
56
when is active transport used?
used in the gut when when therese a lower concentration of nuterints in the gut but a higher concentration of nurients in the blood

Biology (10 decks)

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