Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Enzymes and Digestion > Flashcards

Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the order of level of organisation from smallest to largest?

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system,organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are tissues?

A

A group of similar cells carrying out the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are cells?

A

The simplest, basic unit of life where all chemical processes takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an organ system?

A

Made up of many organs that work together as one system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an organ?

A

Made up of more than one type of tissue grouped together to perform a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a group of cells make a….

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a group of tissues make a…

A

organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a group of organs make a….

A

system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a group of systems makes a….

A

organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the types of tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue, Muscular tissue, Glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does epitherial tissue do?

A

Epithelial tissue covers and lines all organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does muscular tissue do?

A

Muscular tissue contracts to bring about

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does glandular tissue do?

A

Glandular tissue produces

secretions e.g. mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do each of the tissues in the stomach do?

A

Muscular tissue, to “churn up” the contents (mastication)
Glandular tissue, to produce digestive juices
Epithelial tissue, to cover the outside and inside of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does digestion work?

A

Glands such as the salivary gland and the pancreas produce digestive juices

Digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine

Bile is produced by the liver and helps break down fats

Food is absorbed in the small intestine

Water is absorbed in the large intestine, leaving behind the faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the stages of digestion?

A

Physical digestion (mastication)
Chemical digestion (involves enzymes)
Absorption
Assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the role of digestion

A

Digestion is to make sure that large, insolouble molecules are broken down into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the main organs in the digestive system?

A

mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the accesory organs in digestion?

A

salivary glands, liver and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why is mastication necessary?

A

so that your body is prepared to swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the action of amylase?

A

breaks down starch into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the enzyme responsible for digesting starch?

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what takes place in the oesophegous?

A

Peristalsis (rhythmic, alternate muscle contractions) pushes the food in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are new enzymes secreted in the oesophagus?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does the stomach secrete?

A

gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the pH pf gastric juice and how is the acid provided?

A

pH of 2 provided by Hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the enzyme responsible for digesting protien?

A

PROTEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is amylase produced in?

A

salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where is protease produced in?

A

Proteases are produced in the stomach (pH 2) and the small intestine (pH 8) and pancreas

30
Q

what is the action of protease?

A

breaks down PROTEIN to AMINO ACIDS

31
Q

where is bile produced?

A

liver and it stored in the gall blader.

32
Q

what are biles functions?

A 
It neutralises stomach acid and produces alkaline conditions for enzymes to work in
It emulsifies (“breaks down”) fats to increase the surface area:
33
Q

what do lipids do to increase sufrace area and increase the rate of digestion?

A

get emulsified by bile

34
Q

what substrate is amylase

A

starch

35
Q

what substrate is protease

A

protien

36
Q

what substrate is lipase

A

lipids

37
Q

what is the product of amylase

A

GLUCOSE

MALTOSE

38
Q

what is the product of protease

A

AMINO ACIDS

39
Q

what is the product of lipase

A

FATTY ACIDS

40
Q

where is lipase produced in?

A

Pancreas/

Small Intestine

41
Q

what is the optimum pH for amylase

A

8

42
Q

what is the optimum pH for protease

A

8 and 2.5 (stomach)

43
Q

what is the optimum pH for lipase

A

8

44
Q

The small intestine is the only organ in which both ……… and ……… take place

A

The small intestine is the only organ in which both digestion and absorption take place

45
Q

digestion of all food group occors in the

A

small intestine

46
Q

where does the small intestine recieve bile from

A

the liver

47
Q

where does the small intestine recive pancreatic juice from?

A

the pancrease

48
Q

what features of villi and microvilli speed up the rate of reaction?

A

A large surface area – provided by millions of villi to increase the rate of diffusion
A very thin membrane – just one layer of cells to shorten the distance for diffusion
A rich blood supply – the flow of blood helps to maintain a steep concentration gradient for diffusion

49
Q

what does the large intestine consit of?

A

colon, rectum and anus

50
Q

where does absorbtion of water in the large intestne take place and why?

A

in the colon to make the faeces dry

51
Q

when does the urge to go to the toilet develop?

A

when the rectum is full of feaces

52
Q

where is feases expelled through?

A

the anus

53
Q

what are the factors that effect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature
pH
Concentration/Volume of either enzyme or substrate

54
Q

enzymes are sensitive to temperature describe the graph with shows this.

A

Between 0 – 40 as the temp increases the rate of reaction increases in a linear relationship
Beyond 40, as the temp increases the rate of reaction decreases and stops at 50 C
40 is the optimum temp

55
Q

as the temp increases heat energy is converted into?

A

kinetic energy

56
Q

what happens to the enzyme and substrate when the temperatre increases?

A

enzyme and substrate collide more and more product forms

57
Q

what happens to enzymes when the temp is too high

A

he enzyme denatures and the active site changes shape so that the substrate no longer binds

58
Q

what do the enzyme and substrate do with more energy?

A

they move

59
Q

enzymes are sensitive to temperature explain the graph with shows this.

A

Between 0 – 37
As temp increases the particles gain kinetic energy which increases the number of collisions between enzyme & substrate
Between 40 – 60
As the temp exceeds the optimum, the enzyme denatures and the active site changes shape so the substrate no longer binds. The enzyme has denatured.

60
Q

what is the optimium pH for enzymes?

A

7

61
Q

explain the enzyme pH graph?

A

The optimum pH is 7. On either side of the optimum the enzyme activity decreases uniformly. This is because the enzyme denatures due to change in shape of the active site so the substrate can no longer bind

62
Q

explain the enzyme concentration graph

A

Enzymes will work best if there is plenty of substrate. As the concentration of the substrate increases, so does the rate of enzyme activity. However, the rate of enzyme activity does not increase forever. This is because a point will be reached when the enzymes become saturated and no more substrates can fit at any one time even though there is plenty of substrate available.

63
Q

in the required practical ‘food tests’ how do you test for glucose?

A

1) take 5 ml of glucose solution into a clean test tube
2) add 10 drops of Benedicts soloution to the glucose solution in the test tube.
3) put the test tube in an electronic water bath fpr 5 mins
4) note any color change

64
Q

in the required practical ‘food tests’ how do you test for starch?

A

add a few drops of starch soloution to a spotting tile. next add a few drops of idone soloution to the starch and note any color change.

65
Q

in the required practical ‘food tests’ how do you test for lipids?

A

take some oil into a clean test tube and add a few drops of ethanol and shake until it dissolves. pour the mixture into a test tube of water and note what coulor you see?

66
Q

in the required practical ‘food tests’ how do you test for protein?

A

put 2cm3 of protien soloution intoa test tube. add 2cm3 of biuret soloution in the test tube. shake gently to mix. note any color change.

67
Q

what colour will a soloution go if glucose is present?

A

blue to orange to red

68
Q

what colour will a soloution go if starch is present?

A

brown to blueblack

69
Q

what colour will a soloution go if lipids is present?

A

cloudy white emulsion

70
Q

what colour will a soloution go if protien is present?

A

blue to purple

71
Q

how do you investigate the effect of pH on the enzyme amylase?

A

Place one drop of iodine solution into each depression on the spotting tile
Place labelled test tubes containing the buffered pH Solutions amylase solution and starch solution into the water bath
solutions to reach 25 degrees
add 2 cm cubed of one of the buffered solutions to a test tube
use the syringe to place to 2 centimetres cubed of amylase into the buffered pH solution
use another syringe 2 add 2 cm cubed of starch to the amylase buffer solution
immediately start stop clock and leave it on through the test
mix using a glass rod
after 30 seconds remove one drop of the mixture with a glass rod places drop on the first depression of the spotting tile with the iodine solution solution should turn blue black
Rinse the rod
use the glass rod to remove one drop of mixture every 30 seconds each drop onto the iodine solution in the next depression spotting tile rod with water after each drop continue until the iodine solution of amylase / buffer/starch mixture remain Orange
repeat the procedure with Solutions of other PHS
record your results in a results table

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions