non-benign tumours Flashcards
what are the X-ray findings would you expect to find
cortical destruction
periosteal reaction = raised periosteum producing bone
new bone formation: sclerosis,lysis, extension into the surround soft tissue envelope
what is the most common primary bone tumour
Osteosarcoma
what is said to be an Osteosarcoma until proven otherwise
any malignant tumour that produces osteoid
how does Osteosarcoma affect
adolescents and young adults
what places are affected by Osteosarcoma
knee (60%), proximal femur, proximal humerus, pelvis.
what is the treatment of Osteosarcoma
10% have pulmonary metastases at diagnosis
they are not radiosensitive
adjuvant chemo can prolong survival
what is a chondrosarcoma
cartilage producing primary bone tumour
describe the progression of chondrosarcoma
large and slow to metastasise
where are chondrosarcoma found
pelvis or proximal femur
what is the treatment of chondrosarcoma
not radiosensitive
unresponsive to adjuvant chemo
what is Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma
fibrous malignant primary bone tumours which tend to occur in abnormal bone
In what conditions would
Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma occur
bone infarct
frous dysplasia
post irradiation
paget’s disease
who does Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma tend to affect
adolescents and young adults
what is Ewing’s sarcoma
malignant bone tumour of primitive cells in the marrow
what is the 2nd most common primary bone tumour
Ewing’s sarcoma
at what age group is affected by Ewing’s sarcoma
10 and 20
describe Ewing’s sarcoma
destructive, rapidly growing and highly malignant
what is the cause of Ewing’s sarcoma
translocation mutation
what are the symptoms of Ewing’s sarcoma
fever
raised inflammatory markers
warm swelling
describe the appearance of Ewing’s sarcoma
small, round, blue cell tumours
either primitive mesenchymal or neuroectodermal cells
what are the investigations of Ewing’s sarcoma
bone scan
CT chest
biopsy required for staging and histological diagnosis
what is the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma
radio- and chemo sensitive
surgery
adjuvant therapy
which primary malignant tumours commonly metastasise to bone
in order of frequency: breast prostate lug renal thyroid
what are malignant soft tissue tumours called
sarcomas
what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the blood vessels called
angiosarcoma
what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the fat called
liposarcoma
what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the skeletal muscle called
rhabdomyosarcoma
what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the synovial lining joints or tendons called
synovial sarcoma
