non-benign tumours

Question 1

what are the X-ray findings would you expect to find

Answer 1

cortical destruction
periosteal reaction = raised periosteum producing bone
new bone formation: sclerosis,lysis, extension into the surround soft tissue envelope

Question 2

what is the most common primary bone tumour

Answer 2

Osteosarcoma

Question 3

what is said to be an Osteosarcoma until proven otherwise

Answer 3

any malignant tumour that produces osteoid

Question 4

how does Osteosarcoma affect

Answer 4

adolescents and young adults

Question 5

what places are affected by Osteosarcoma

Answer 5

knee (60%), proximal femur, proximal humerus, pelvis.

Question 6

what is the treatment of Osteosarcoma

Answer 6

10% have pulmonary metastases at diagnosis
they are not radiosensitive
adjuvant chemo can prolong survival

Question 7

what is a chondrosarcoma

Answer 7

cartilage producing primary bone tumour

Question 8

describe the progression of chondrosarcoma

Answer 8

large and slow to metastasise

Question 9

where are chondrosarcoma found

Answer 9

pelvis or proximal femur

Question 10

what is the treatment of chondrosarcoma

Answer 10

not radiosensitive

unresponsive to adjuvant chemo

Question 11

what is Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma

Answer 11

fibrous malignant primary bone tumours which tend to occur in abnormal bone

Question 12

In what conditions would

Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma occur

Answer 12

bone infarct
frous dysplasia
post irradiation
paget’s disease

Question 13

who does Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous Histiocytoma tend to affect

Answer 13

adolescents and young adults

Question 14

what is Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 14

malignant bone tumour of primitive cells in the marrow

Question 15

what is the 2nd most common primary bone tumour

Answer 15

Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 16

at what age group is affected by Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 16

10 and 20

Question 17

describe Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 17

destructive, rapidly growing and highly malignant

Question 18

what is the cause of Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 18

translocation mutation

Question 19

what are the symptoms of Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 19

fever
raised inflammatory markers
warm swelling

Question 20

describe the appearance of Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 20

small, round, blue cell tumours

either primitive mesenchymal or neuroectodermal cells

Question 21

what are the investigations of Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 21

bone scan
CT chest
biopsy required for staging and histological diagnosis

Question 22

what is the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 22

radio- and chemo sensitive
surgery
adjuvant therapy

Question 23

which primary malignant tumours commonly metastasise to bone

Answer 23

in order of frequency:
breast
prostate
lug
renal
thyroid

Question 24

what are malignant soft tissue tumours called

Answer 24

sarcomas

Question 25

what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the blood vessels called

Answer 25

angiosarcoma

Question 26

what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the fat called

Answer 26

liposarcoma

Question 27

what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the skeletal muscle called

Answer 27

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 28

what is a malignant soft tissue tumours of the synovial lining joints or tendons called

Answer 28

synovial sarcoma