Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK (mine) > benign tumours > Flashcards

benign tumours Flashcards

1
Q

what is osteochondroma

A

bony outgrowth with a cartilaginous cap on the external surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is does osteochondroma usually affect

A

long bones near the growth plates in those aged 10-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most common type of benign bone tumour

A

osteochondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the cause of osteochondroma

A

idiopathic

multiple osteochondroma = autosomal dominant disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the symptoms of osteochondroma

A

usually asymptomatic

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the risk of malignant transformation

A

small (1%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the treatment of osteochondroma

A

if lesion is growing in size or causing pain it may require excision biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Enchondroma, where do they occur

A

intramedullary and usually metaphyseal cartilaginous tumour

femur, humerus, tibia, small bones of the hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe an Enchondroma

A

lucent lesion but can undergo mineralisation with a patchy sclerotic appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the causes of Enchondroma

A

failure of normal Enchondromal ossification at the growth plates

as part of a syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what syndromes can cause Enchondroma

A

Ollier’s

Maffuci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Ollier’s syndrome

A

rare, non-hereditary sporadic disorder where Enchondromas develop close to growth [late cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is Maffuci’s syndrome

A

sporadic disease characterised by the presence of multiple Enchondromas associated with cavernous haemangiomas and pleobolith (small calcifications within a vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the symptoms of Enchondroma

A

asymptomatic

weekend bone may result in pathological fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a simple bone cyst, what is it also known as

A

single cavity, fluid filled cyst within the bone

aka unicameral bone cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do simple bone cysts occur

A

the metaphyseal in long bones (usually the proximal humerus and femur)

can also occur in the talus or calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what causes simple bone cyst

A

growth defect from the physis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the symptoms of simple bone cyst

A

asymptomatic

can cause weakness resulting in pathological fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an aneurysmal bone cyst

A

many chambers filled with blood or serum within the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do aneurysmal bone cysts occur

A

in the metaphyses of many long bones, flat bones, and vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the cause of aneurysmal bone cyst

A

small, arteriovenous malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the actions of an aneurysmal bone cyst and what this causes

A

locally aggressive causing cortical expansion and destruction resulting in pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the symptoms of an aneurysmal bone cyst

A

pain

pathological fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where do a giant cell tumours occur

A

around the knee and in the distal radius

can occur in long bones, pelvis, and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when do giant cell tumours occur

A

after the physis has fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the symptoms of giant cell tumours (GCT)

A

pain
pathological fracture
5% metasise to the lung causing benign pulmonary GCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the investigations of giant cell tumours, what can be seen in them

A

x-ray = soap bubble (BUZZWORD)

28
Q

what is the treatment of giant cell tumours

A

intralesional excision + phenol/bone cement/liquid nitrogen (kills remaining tumour material to prevent recurrence)

29
Q

what are the types of giant cell tumours, what do they affect

A

pigmented villonodular synovitis (PNVS) = large joints

giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTS) = digits

30
Q

describe pigmented villonodular synovitis (PNVS)

A

destructive and diffuse so are difficult to excise and often reoccur

31
Q

describe giant cell tumour of tendon sheath

A

small nodules that are easily excised by occasionally reoccur

32
Q

what is fibrous dysplasia and what causes it

A

lesions od fibrous tissue and immature bone due to genetic mutation

33
Q

when does fibrous dysplasia occur, and what does it affect

A

usually in adolescence

can affect one bone (monostoic) or multiple (polystoic)

34
Q

what are the symptoms of fibrous dysplasia

A

defective mineralisation causes angular deformities
stress fractures
shepherd crook deformity

35
Q

describe the bone in fibrous dysplasia

A

wider but with thinned cortices

36
Q

soap bubble appearance is a buzzword for what condition

A

Giant cell tumour

37
Q

what is the investigation for fibrous dysplasia

A

bone scans = intense increase in uptake during development before lesion becomes inactive

38
Q

what is the treatment of fibrous dysplasia

A

bisphopshates = reduce pain

39
Q

shepherds crook deformity is a buzzword for what condition

A

fibrous dysplasia

40
Q

what is an osteoid osteoma

A

a small nidus of immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo

41
Q

where do osteoid osteomas occur

A

proximal femur
diaphysis of long bones
vertebrae

42
Q

when do osteoid osteomas occur

A

adolescence

43
Q

what are the symptoms of osteoid osteomas

A

constant, intense pain worse at night

44
Q

what are the investigations of osteoid osteomas

A

X-ray
Boen scan = intense local uptake
CT

45
Q

what is the treatment of osteoid osteomas

A

NSAIDs = pain relief
may spontaneously resolve
CT guided radio frequency ablation

46
Q

what is a brodies abscess

A

subacute osteomyelitis which is contained to a localised area and walled off by fibrous and granulation tissue

47
Q

what is the cause of a brodies abscess

A

staph aureus

48
Q

what can a brodies abscess present with

A

lytic lesion of bone

49
Q

what is a brown tumour

A

a bone lesion which arises in setting of excess osteoclast activity. it is not a true neoplasm but may mimic it

50
Q

where does a brodies abscess commonly affect

A

maxilla and mandible

51
Q

what is the cause of a brodies abscess

A

hyperparathyroidism

52
Q

what is the treatment of abscesses

A

antibiotics + drainage

53
Q

what is a bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

54
Q

what is a bursa, what is its function

A

a small fluid filled sac lined by synovium around a joint

prevents friction between tendons, bones, muscles and skin

55
Q

what are the causes of bursitis

A

repeated pressure or trauma

bacterial infection

56
Q

what is the treatment of bursitis

A

the swelling will usually subside on it’s own but a thickened burial sac may remain

excision may be required but can cause problems with scarring

57
Q

describe a ganglion cyst, where do they occur

A

occurs around a synovial joint or tendon sheath.

well-defined, readily transilluminate and may be firm

no epithelial lining (not a true cysts)

58
Q

what is the cause of a ganglion cyst

A

herniation or out-pouching of a weak portion a joint capsule or tendon sheath

59
Q

what cause the weakness which allows a ganglion cyst to occur

A

developmental e.g. juvenile baker cyst

underlying joint damage/arthritis with a build up of pressure within the joint e.g. adult baker cyst

60
Q

describe the histology of a ganglion cyst

A

space within mixed material

may have secondary inflammatory changes

61
Q

what is the treatment for ganglion cysts

A

excision if causing discomfort or for cosmesis

62
Q

what is the most common benign soft tissue tumour

A

lipoma

63
Q

what is a lipoma

A

neoplastic proliferation of fat which usually occurs in the subcutaneous fat but can occur in the middle

64
Q

describe the histology of a lipoma

A

resembles normal fat

nuclei are small and at the edge

65
Q

describe a angiolipoma

A

usually multiple and peripheral
vascular with fibrin thrombi
painful

MSK (mine) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions