Nociception Flashcards
________: itch
Pruritis: itch
Test for Spinocervicothalamic Pathway
Light and brief pinching of the skin
__________ fibers innervates both superficial and deep pain pathways
Both fibers innervates both superficial and deep pain pathways
Chronic pain produces long term changes that create (greater/lesser) sensitivity to stimuli
Chronic pain produces long term changes that create (greater/lesser) sensitivity to stimuli
______________
Chronic pain patients become more painful over time
____________: indescriminant ascending nociceptive pathway
Spinoreticular Pathway: indescriminant ascending nociceptive pathway
T/F: General Visceral Afferents (GVA) are very descriminant
False
________ pain resulting from injury of the nervous system
Neuropathic pain resulting from injury of the nervous system
_________________ change body chemistry to decrease pain pathway.
Descending Modulatory Pathway change body chemistry to decrease pain pathway.
Neuropathic pain and dysesthesia mainifest as __________ in veterinary medicine.
Neuropathic pain and dysesthesia mainifest as self-mutilation in veterinary medicine.
Subcortical stimulation by the spinoreticular pathway provides __________ to pain
Subcortical stimulation by the spinoreticular pathway provides emotional response to pain
___________: control pain by augmenting descedning modulating systems.
Opiods and Alpha-Adrenergics: control pain by augmenting descedning modulating systems.
____________: discriminate ascending nociceptive pathway.
Spinocervicothalamic Pathway: discriminate ascending nociceptive pathway.
___________: control pain by inhibiting spinal cord sensitization
NMDA Inhibitors: control pain by inhibiting spinal cord sensitization
Pain reception is (voluntary/involuntary)
Pain reception is (voluntary/involuntary)
Somatic structure ratio of A delta : C fibers
1:2
_______________
descriminant
__________: decreased perception of pain
Hypoalgesia: decreased perception of pain
Test for the Spinoreticular tract
Pinch nail bed
___________: neurons that respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli, associated with referred pain
Wid-Dynamic Range (WDR): neurons that respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli, associated with referred pain
Nociceptive fiber types
A delta Fibers
C Fibers
____________: use gate control theory to control pain
Water therapy, Massage, Acupuncture: use gate control theory to control pain
Bradykinin, Serotonin and Potassium (stimulate/inhibit) nociceptors
Bradykinin, Serotonin and Potassium (stimulate/inhibit) nociceptors
Visceral structure A delta : C fiber
1:10
_________________
mostly dull/throbbing indescriminate pain
__________: persist beyond expected time frame for a given disease/injury, usually present for longer than 3-6 months
Chronic Pain: persist beyond expected time frame for a given disease/injury, usually present for longer than 3-6 months
___________: non-noxious stimulation can help reduce perception of pain
Gate Control Theory: non-noxious stimulation can help reduce perception of pain
__________ fibers are fast conducting and myelinated. Responsible for sharp, prickling pain.
A delta fibers are fast conducting and myelinated. Responsible for sharp, prickling pain.
Spinocervicothalamic Pathway = ______________
Spinocervicothalamic Pathway = Superficial Pain Pathway
Spinoreticular Pathway = ____________
Spinoreticular Pathway = Deep Pain Pathway
________: modulate/ prevent the transduction of nociceptor
NSAID’s: modulate/ prevent the transduction of nociceptor
____________ is associated with inflammation and increases sensitivity of nocicepters, contribute to development of hyperalgesia and allodynia.
Substance P is associated with inflammation and increases sensitivity of nocicepters, contribute to development of hyperalgesia and allodynia.
___________: detection of noxious stimuli through activation of nociceptors
Nociception: detection of noxious stimuli through activation of nociceptors
__________: non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors
Allodynia: non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes (increase/decrease) the threshold of nociceptors
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes (increase/decrease) the threshold of nociceptors
Describe the Spinoreticular Pathway
Primary Afferent → Dorsal Horn → Dorsolateral fasiculus → ventral/lateral funicululi → Reticular formation → 1. Cortical or 2. Subcortical
_________________
Many decussations occur in this area
___________: unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain.
Dysenthesia: unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain.
___________: absence of all sensory perception, decreased cortical perception of pain but pain is still occuring.
Anesthesia: absence of all sensory perception, decreased cortical perception of pain but pain is still occuring.
__________ is responsible for awakeness and alertness. Link between sensory stimulation and arousal
ARAS is responsible for awakeness and alertness. Link between sensory stimulation and arousal
_______: interfere with conduction of nociceptor stimuli at the CNS
Local Blocks, Anesthesia: interfere with conduction of nociceptor stimuli at the CNS
__________: complete absence of pain perception
Analgesia: complete absence of pain perception
Connection of pain pathways to the __________ ensures negative emotional response to pain.
Connection of pain pathways to the limbic system ensures negative emotional response to pain.
__________: controls pain by decreasing perception of pain, should not be sole treatment.
Sedation: controls pain by decreasing perception of pain, should not be sole treatment.
___________: target WDA and NMDA receptors to decrease amplified nervous system stimulation to pain pathway.
Wind Up: target WDA and NMDA receptors to decrease amplified nervous system stimulation to pain pathway.
Describe the Spinocervicothalamic Pathway
Primary Afferent → Dorsal Horn → Lateral funiculus → Lateral cervical nucleus (deccussation) → Medial Lemniscus → Thalamus → Cortex
_________________
Occurs contralaterally
_________: arises from trauma or inflammation
Acute Pain: arises from trauma or inflammatio
___________ occurs at skin and mucous membranes. Thought to be due to subsets of A delta and C fibers.
Pruritis occurs at skin and mucous membranes. Thought to be due to subsets of A delta and C fibers.
_______ fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated. Responsible for burning or throbbing pain.
C fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated. Responsible for burning or throbbing pain.
