Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus

Question 1

_________ Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.

Answer 1

Vestibulocollic Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.

Question 2

______________ Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.

Answer 2

Vestibulo-occular Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.

Question 3

Describe the auditory cortex pathway

Answer 3

CNVIII to contralateral cochlear nuclei

Cochlear nuclei to contralateral caudal colliculus

Caudal colliculus to thalamus

Thalamus to Auditory Cortex

Question 4

Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the ___________.

Answer 4

Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the auditory cortex.

Question 5

___________: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other

Answer 5

Nystagmus: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other

Question 6

________ field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.

Answer 6

Binocular field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.

Question 7

____________: constriction of the pupil

Answer 7

Pupillary Light Reflex: constriction of the pupil

Question 8

Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the ________, leading to motion sickness.

Answer 8

Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the emetic center, leading to motion sickness.

Question 9

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to cortical perception

Answer 9

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to thalamus

Thalamus to cortex

Question 10

____________ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.

Answer 10

Peripheral vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.

Question 11

___________ pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil

Answer 11

Retinopretectal pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil

Question 12

__________ pathway is responsible for visual perception.

Answer 12

Retinogeniculostriate pathway is responsible for visual perception.

Question 13

_______ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.

Answer 13

Central vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.

Question 14

Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase

Answer 14

Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase

Question 15

OD = _______ eye

Answer 15

OD = right eye

Question 16

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to maintaining posture and balance

Answer 16

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to cerebellum

Question 17

________ vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .

Answer 17

Peripheral vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .

Question 18

Retinogeniculostriate pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

Answer 18

Maze, dropping cotton ball, visual placement and menace response

Question 19

___________: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.

Answer 19

Horners Syndrome: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.

Question 20

______ placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.

Answer 20

Laterally placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.

Question 21

_____________ Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)

Answer 21

Retinohypothalamic Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)

Question 22

Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.

Answer 22

Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.

Question 23

__________ Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.

Answer 23

Vestibulospinal Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.

____________

Leaning, Circling, Rolling

Question 24

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to control of eye movement

Answer 24

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to motor nuclei of CN III, IV and VI

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.

Answer 25

**Sensorineural Deafness**: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.

Question 26

The _________ is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.

Answer 26

The **vestibular apparatus** is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.

Question 27

Describe the Retinopretectal Pathway

Answer 27

**Photoreceptors** to **Optic Nerve** Optic Nerve to **Optic Chiasm** Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to **Optic Tract** Optic Tract to **Pretectal Nuclei** (Deccussation) Pretectal nuclei to **EWN** EWN to **Motor ciliary ganglion**

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vestibular damage is due to brain damage.

Answer 28

**Central** vestibular damage is due to brain damage.

Question 29

Describe the Retinogeniculostriate Pathway

Answer 29

**Photoreceptors** to **Optic Nerve** Optic Nerve to **Optic Chiasm** Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to **Optic Tract** Optic Tract to **Thalamus** Thalamus to **Primary visual cortex**

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: uneven pupil size

Answer 30

**Aniscoria**: uneven pupil size

Question 31

Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/poor) prognosis

Answer 31

Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/**poor**) prognosis

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold

Answer 32

**Startle Reflex**: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold

Question 33

Retinopretectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

Answer 33

Pupillary Light Reflex

Question 34

OS = _______ eye

Answer 34

OS = **left** eye

Question 35

Startle reflex fibers terminate at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

Startle reflex fibers terminate at the **caudal colliculus**

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient

Answer 36

**Asymmetry** of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient

Question 37

Describe the Retinotectal Pathway

Answer 37

**Photoreceptors** to **Optic Nerve** Optic Nerve to **Optic Chiasm** Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to **Optic Tract** Optic Tract to **Rostral colliculus**

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.

Answer 38

**Conduction Deafness**: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.

Question 39

Nystagmus is named for the (fast/slow) phase.

Answer 39

Nystagmus is named for the (**fast**/slow) phase. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Toward the intact side

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ deafness is irreversible.

Answer 40

**Sensorineural** deafness is irreversible.

Question 41

How do you distinguish CNIII vs CNII damage with lack of PLR?

Answer 41

CNIII damage will also show lateral strabismus

Question 42

Describe the Retinohypothalamic Pathway

Answer 42

**Photoreceptors** to **Optic Nerve** Optic Nerve to **Optic Chiasm** Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to **Optic Tract** Optic Tract to **SCN**

Question 43

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: crossed eyes

Answer 43

**Estropia**: crossed eyes

Question 44

Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/lesioned) side.

Answer 44

Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/**lesioned**) side.

Question 45

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm

Answer 45

**Retinohypothalamic** pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm

Question 46

Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (normal/abnormal) animals.

Answer 46

Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (**normal**/abnormal) animals.

Question 47

The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

Answer 47

The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the **Retinogeniculostriate Pathway**

Question 48

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.

Answer 48

**Retinotectal** pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.

Question 49

Retinotectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

Answer 49

Hard to test in animals, usually isnt.