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RUSVM Anatomy II > Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus > Flashcards

Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

_________ Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.

A

Vestibulocollic Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.

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2
Q

______________ Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.

A

Vestibulo-occular Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.

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3
Q

Describe the auditory cortex pathway

A

CNVIII to contralateral cochlear nuclei

Cochlear nuclei to contralateral caudal colliculus

Caudal colliculus to thalamus

Thalamus to Auditory Cortex

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4
Q

Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the ___________.

A

Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the auditory cortex.

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5
Q

___________: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other

A

Nystagmus: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other

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6
Q

________ field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.

A

Binocular field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.

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7
Q

____________: constriction of the pupil

A

Pupillary Light Reflex: constriction of the pupil

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8
Q

Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the ________, leading to motion sickness.

A

Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the emetic center, leading to motion sickness.

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9
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to cortical perception

A

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to thalamus

Thalamus to cortex

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10
Q

____________ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.

A

Peripheral vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.

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11
Q

___________ pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil

A

Retinopretectal pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil

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12
Q

__________ pathway is responsible for visual perception.

A

Retinogeniculostriate pathway is responsible for visual perception.

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13
Q

_______ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.

A

Central vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.

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14
Q

Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase

A

Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase

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15
Q

OD = _______ eye

A

OD = right eye

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16
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to maintaining posture and balance

A

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to cerebellum

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17
Q

________ vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .

A

Peripheral vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .

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18
Q

Retinogeniculostriate pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

A

Maze, dropping cotton ball, visual placement and menace response

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19
Q

___________: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.

A

Horners Syndrome: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.

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20
Q

______ placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.

A

Laterally placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.

21
Q

_____________ Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)

A

Retinohypothalamic Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)

22
Q

Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.

A

Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.

23
Q

__________ Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.

A

Vestibulospinal Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.

____________

Leaning, Circling, Rolling

24
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to control of eye movement

A

CNVIII to vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei to motor nuclei of CN III, IV and VI

25
Q

______________: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.

A

Sensorineural Deafness: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.

26
Q

The _________ is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.

A

The vestibular apparatus is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.

27
Q

Describe the Retinopretectal Pathway

A

Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve

Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm

Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract

Optic Tract to Pretectal Nuclei (Deccussation)

Pretectal nuclei to EWN

EWN to Motor ciliary ganglion

28
Q

________ vestibular damage is due to brain damage.

A

Central vestibular damage is due to brain damage.

29
Q

Describe the Retinogeniculostriate Pathway

A

Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve

Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm

Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract

Optic Tract to Thalamus

Thalamus to Primary visual cortex

30
Q

___________: uneven pupil size

A

Aniscoria: uneven pupil size

31
Q

Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/poor) prognosis

A

Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/poor) prognosis

32
Q

___________: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold

A

Startle Reflex: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold

33
Q

Retinopretectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

A

Pupillary Light Reflex

34
Q

OS = _______ eye

A

OS = left eye

35
Q

Startle reflex fibers terminate at the _________

A

Startle reflex fibers terminate at the caudal colliculus

36
Q

__________ of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient

A

Asymmetry of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient

37
Q

Describe the Retinotectal Pathway

A

Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve

Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm

Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract

Optic Tract to Rostral colliculus

38
Q

__________: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.

A

Conduction Deafness: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.

39
Q

Nystagmus is named for the (fast/slow) phase.

A

Nystagmus is named for the (fast/slow) phase.

____________________

Toward the intact side

40
Q

__________ deafness is irreversible.

A

Sensorineural deafness is irreversible.

41
Q

How do you distinguish CNIII vs CNII damage with lack of PLR?

A

CNIII damage will also show lateral strabismus

42
Q

Describe the Retinohypothalamic Pathway

A

Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve

Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm

Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract

Optic Tract to SCN

43
Q

________: crossed eyes

A

Estropia: crossed eyes

44
Q

Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/lesioned) side.

A

Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/lesioned) side.

45
Q

___________ pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm

A

Retinohypothalamic pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm

46
Q

Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (normal/abnormal) animals.

A

Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (normal/abnormal) animals.

47
Q

The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the _____________

A

The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the Retinogeniculostriate Pathway

48
Q

____________ pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.

A

Retinotectal pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.

49
Q

Retinotectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by

A

Hard to test in animals, usually isnt.

RUSVM Anatomy II (15 decks)

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