Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus Flashcards
_________ Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.
Vestibulocollic Reflex: produces neck movements and forelimb extention that counteracts head tilt to keep head level with respect to gravity and movement.
______________ Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.
Vestibulo-occular Reflex: slow movement of the eye as they are catching up wit the head.
Describe the auditory cortex pathway
CNVIII to contralateral cochlear nuclei
Cochlear nuclei to contralateral caudal colliculus
Caudal colliculus to thalamus
Thalamus to Auditory Cortex
Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the ___________.
Primary auditory pathway fibers terminate at the auditory cortex.
___________: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other
Nystagmus: due to an unilateral lesion, one side fires faster than the other
________ field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.
Binocular field: visual fields overlap allowing for depth perception.
____________: constriction of the pupil
Pupillary Light Reflex: constriction of the pupil
Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the ________, leading to motion sickness.
Axons of the vestibular nuclei project into the emetic center, leading to motion sickness.
Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to cortical perception
CNVIII to vestibular nuclei
Vestibular nuclei to thalamus
Thalamus to cortex
____________ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.
Peripheral vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal or rotary and does not change character when head position chages.
___________ pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil
Retinopretectal pathway is responsible for constriction of the pupil
__________ pathway is responsible for visual perception.
Retinogeniculostriate pathway is responsible for visual perception.
_______ vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.
Central vestibular lesion: nystagmus horizontal, rotary or vertical and may change when head position changes.
Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase
Nystagmus lesion is toward the (fast/slow) phase
OD = _______ eye
OD = right eye
Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to maintaining posture and balance
CNVIII to vestibular nuclei
Vestibular nuclei to cerebellum
________ vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .
Peripheral vestibular damage can be due to damage of the vestibular apparatus or CNVIII .
Retinogeniculostriate pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by
Maze, dropping cotton ball, visual placement and menace response
___________: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.
Horners Syndrome: sympathetic (vagosympathetic trunk) denervation that causes the third eyelid to passively move over the eye and shruken pupil in affected eye.
______ placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.
Laterally placed eyes in animals as seen in prey animals allow for increased peripheral vision and decussation but lacks in depth perception.
_____________ Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)
Retinohypothalamic Pathway is manipulated in breeding settings (seasonal breeders)
Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.
Head tilt towards the (normal/lesioned) side.
__________ Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.
Vestibulospinal Reflex: produce limb extention that counteracts displacement of head to prevent falling when head shift position.
____________
Leaning, Circling, Rolling
Describe the vestibular pathway in relation to control of eye movement
CNVIII to vestibular nuclei
Vestibular nuclei to motor nuclei of CN III, IV and VI
______________: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.
Sensorineural Deafness: sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot transmit sound to the auditory cortex due to damage of the cochlea, cochlear nerves or auditory cortex. Can also be due to age.
The _________ is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.
The vestibular apparatus is concerned with maintaining a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion.
Describe the Retinopretectal Pathway
Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm
Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract
Optic Tract to Pretectal Nuclei (Deccussation)
Pretectal nuclei to EWN
EWN to Motor ciliary ganglion
________ vestibular damage is due to brain damage.
Central vestibular damage is due to brain damage.
Describe the Retinogeniculostriate Pathway
Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm
Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract
Optic Tract to Thalamus
Thalamus to Primary visual cortex
___________: uneven pupil size
Aniscoria: uneven pupil size
Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/poor) prognosis
Lack of PLR in a sick animal gives a (good/poor) prognosis
___________: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold
Startle Reflex: fast motor response elicited by sound that exceeds intensity threshold
Retinopretectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by
Pupillary Light Reflex
OS = _______ eye
OS = left eye
Startle reflex fibers terminate at the _________
Startle reflex fibers terminate at the caudal colliculus
__________ of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient
Asymmetry of stimulus drives the reflexes to reorient
Describe the Retinotectal Pathway
Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm
Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract
Optic Tract to Rostral colliculus
__________: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.
Conduction Deafness: sound cant get from the ear to the vestibular window due to disease, damage or obstruction.
Nystagmus is named for the (fast/slow) phase.
Nystagmus is named for the (fast/slow) phase.
____________________
Toward the intact side
__________ deafness is irreversible.
Sensorineural deafness is irreversible.
How do you distinguish CNIII vs CNII damage with lack of PLR?
CNIII damage will also show lateral strabismus
Describe the Retinohypothalamic Pathway
Photoreceptors to Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve to Optic Chiasm
Optic Chiasm (Deccussation) to Optic Tract
Optic Tract to SCN
________: crossed eyes
Estropia: crossed eyes
Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/lesioned) side.
Vestibulospinal compensation (rolling, leaning, circling) occurs toward the (normal/lesioned) side.
___________ pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm
Retinohypothalamic pathway is responsible for circadian rhythm
Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (normal/abnormal) animals.
Vestibulo-occular reflex is seen in (normal/abnormal) animals.
The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the _____________
The only visual pathway that involves cortical involvment is the Retinogeniculostriate Pathway
____________ pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.
Retinotectal pathway is responsible for reflexive eye orientation.
Retinotectal Pathway is tested in veterinary medicine by
Hard to test in animals, usually isnt.
