Neuroanatomy Lab

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

Connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Functions of the meninges

Answer 2

Production, circulation and reabsorption of CSF

Convey arterial vessesl into nervous tissue and return venous blood to dural sinuses

Divide cranium into smaller compartments

Question 3

_________ is firmly attached to Arachnoid mater.

Answer 3

Dura mater is firmly attached to Arachnoid mater.

Question 4

_____________ are firmly attached to the arachnoid layer by fibroblast layer making the subdural space a potential space

Answer 4

Spinal Meninges are firmly attached to the arachnoid layer by fibroblast layer making the subdural space a potential space

Question 5

___________ space between the dura mater and periosteum of the vertebrate.

Answer 5

Epidural space between the dura mater and periosteum of the vertebrate.

Question 6

___________ is located between the cerebrum and medulla.

Answer 6

Cerebromedullary cistern is located between the cerebrum and medulla.

Question 7

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 7

Blood collects between the skull and dura mater

Question 8

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 8

Blood Collects between dura mater and arachnoid space

Question 9

__________ aid in reduction of movement of the brain within the brain case during sudden/ rapid acceleration or deceleration

Answer 9

Dural Reflections aid in reduction of movement of the brain within the brain case during sudden/ rapid acceleration or deceleration

Question 10

__________ space created by dural reflections of the meninges between the two cerebral hemispheres within the mid-sagittal plane

Answer 10

Falx Cerebri (Dorsal Sagittal Sinus) space created by dural reflections of the meninges between the two cerebral hemispheres within the mid-sagittal plane

Question 11

_____________ transverse dural reflection between cerebrum and cerebellum.

Answer 11

Tentorium cerebelli transverse dural reflection between cerebrum and cerebellum.

Question 12

____________ bilateral dural reflections that run laterally.

Answer 12

Transverse Sinus bilateral dural reflections that run laterally.

Question 13

______________ middle layer, contains web like connecting filaments.

Answer 13

Arachnoid mater middle layer, contains web like connecting filaments.

Question 14

_________ deepest layer, follows the brain gyri and sulci as well as the arteries penetrating brain tissue

Answer 14

Pia mater deepest layer, follows the brain gyri and sulci as well as the arteries penetrating brain tissue

Question 15

____________ supports the spinal cord, extends laterally between the dorsal and ventral rootlets to connect overlying meninges

Answer 15

Denticulate ligament supports the spinal cord, extends laterally between the dorsal and ventral rootlets to connect overlying meninges

Question 16

Ependymal Cells

Answer 16

Line the ventricles to help produce and circulate CSF

Question 17

Dilation of the ________ occurs most commonly.

Answer 17

Dilation of the Lateral Ventricle occurs most commonly.

Question 18

The third ventricle communicates via the _____________ to the fourth ventricle.

Answer 18

The third ventricle communicates via the mesencephalic aqueduct to the fourth ventricle.

Question 19

Describe the flow of CSF

Answer 19

Lateral Ventricle → Interventricular Foramen → Third Ventricle → Mesencephalic Aqueduct → Fourth Ventricle → 1. Cerebellomedullary Cistern 2. Spinal Canal

Question 20

_________ provides collateral circulation to the brain.

Answer 20

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) provides collateral circulation to the brain.

Question 21

___________ “Miraculous Network”; modification of the internal carotid arteries.

Answer 21

Rete Mirable“Miraculous Network”; modification of the internal carotid arteries.

Question 22

Rete Mirable is found in what species

Answer 22

Feline, Ruminant and Porcine

Question 23

___________ Lobe: contains somatosensory and motor cortices, plan and initiate movement.

Answer 23

Frontal Lobe: contains somatosensory and motor cortices, plan and initiate movement.

Question 24

_________ Lobe lesions produce abnormalities of voluntary movement and/or loss of conscious proprioception of somatosensory stimuli.

Answer 24

Frontal Lobe lesions produce abnormalities of voluntary movement and/or loss of conscious proprioception of somatosensory stimuli.

______________

Clinical Sign: Delay of initiation

Question 25

T/F: Unilateral frontal lobe damage results in contralateral clinical signs

Answer 25

True

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe integrates sensory information so one can produce a 3D map of the body's location in space and its relation to objects in space.

Answer 26

**Parietal** lobe integrates sensory information so one can produce a 3D map of the body's location in space and its relation to objects in space.

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe lesions can produce bizarre abnormalities of spacial perception where awareness of certain parts of space around the body is lost or altered.

Answer 27

**Parietal** lobe lesions can produce bizarre abnormalities of spacial perception where awareness of certain parts of space around the body is lost or altered.

Question 28

Unilateral parietal lobe lesions produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

Unilateral parietal lobe lesions produce **hemineglect**.

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe is responsible for perception and interpretation of auditory information.

Answer 29

**Temporal** lobe is responsible for perception and interpretation of auditory information.

Question 30

T/F: Destruction of one auditory cortex will produce deafness.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe is responsible for perception and innervation of visual information.

Answer 31

**Occipital** lobe is responsible for perception and innervation of visual information.

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe has widespread connections to other parts of the body; both voluntary and involuntary motor responses can occur to visual stimulation

Answer 32

**Occipital** lobe has widespread connections to other parts of the body; both voluntary and involuntary motor responses can occur to visual stimulation

Question 33

Perception of visual stimulation is a ________ event.

Answer 33

Perception of visual stimulation is a **cortical** event.

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe lesions can result in cortical blindness.

Answer 34

**Occipital** lobe lesions can result in cortical blindness.

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe is responsible for perception and interpretation of olfactory information.

Answer 35

**Piriform** lobe is responsible for perception and interpretation of olfactory information.

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe has connections to the limbic system.

Answer 36

**Piriform** lobe has connections to the limbic system.

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ group of nuclei in the cerebrum functioning in fine motor control, cognition, emotion and learning.

Answer 37

**Basal Ganglia** group of nuclei in the cerebrum functioning in fine motor control, cognition, emotion and learning.

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a group of cortical and subcortical structures rather than discrete anatomical lobe.

Answer 38

**Limbic System** is a group of cortical and subcortical structures rather than discrete anatomical lobe.

Question 39

Hypothalamus is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

Hypothalamus is associated with **homeostasis**.

Question 40

Amygdala is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

Amygdala is associated with **emotional memory**.

Question 41

Hippocampus is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

Hippocampus is associated with **short term to long term memory**.

Question 42

Cingulate gyrus associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

Cingulate gyrus associated with **emotion**.

Question 43

Thalmus is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 43

Thalmus is associated with **emotional behavior**.

Question 44

Main blood supply to the spinal cord is via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

Main blood supply to the spinal cord is via **Ventral spinal artery**

Question 45

Secondary blood supply to the spinal cord is via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

Secondary blood supply to the spinal cord is via the **paired dorsal spinal arteries**

Question 46

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ venous system within the epidural space.

Answer 46

**Internal vertebral plexus** venous system within the epidural space.

Question 47

When taking a CSF tap there is a risk of puncturing the ______________ and contaminating the sample.

Answer 47

When taking a CSF tap there is a risk of puncturing the **internal vertebral plexus** and contaminating the sample.