Large Animal Head Flashcards
T/F: Sinues are completely developed at birth
False
Sinuses reach full development approximately at the age of ________.
Sinuses reach full development approximately at the age of 5 years.
The rostral border of the equine frontal sinus is
The rostral border of the equine frontal sinus is between the orbit and infraorbital foramen
The medial border of the equine frontal sinus is
The medial border of the equine frontal sinus is 2 cm from the midline of the the skull
The caudal border of the equine frontal sinus is
The caudal border of the equine frontal sinus is the zygomatic process of the frontal bone
The lateral border of the equine frontal sinus is
The lateral border of the equine frontal sinus is the supraorbital foramen
The rostral border of the bovine frontal sinus is
The rostral border of the bovine frontal sinus is the rostral border of the orbit
The caudal border of the bovine frontal sinus is
The caudal border of the bovine frontal sinus is the base of the skull
The caudal section of the bovine frontal sinus consists of what three sections
Post-orbital diverticulum
Cornual diverticulum
Nuchal diverticulum
The frontal sinus communicates freely with the caudal maxillary sinus through the ____________.
The frontal sinus communicates freely with the caudal maxillary sinus through the frontomaxillary opening.
T/F: There is direct communication between the frontal sinus and the nasal cavity.
False
The rostral border of the equine maxillary sinus is
The rostral border of the equine maxillary sinus is the facial crest/ infraorbital foramen
The ventral border of the equine maxillary sinus is
The ventral border of the equine maxillary sinus is the facial crest
The caudal border of the equine maxillary sinus is
The caudal border of the equine maxillary sinus is the rostral orbit
The dorsal border of the equine maxillary sinus is
The dorsal border of the equine maxillary sinus is line of the infraorbital foramen parallel to the facial crest
The rostral border of the bovine maxillary sinus is
The rostral border of the bovine maxillary sinus is the facial tuberosity
The ventral border of the bovine maxillary sinus is
The ventral border of the bovine maxillary sinus is the line from the zygomatic arch to facial tuberosity
The caudal border of the bovine maxillary sinus is
The caudal border of the bovine maxillary sinus is the rostral border of the orbit
The dorsal border of the bovine maxillary sinus is
The dorsal border of the bovine maxillary sinus is the medial angle of the eye to infraorbital foramen
The maxillary sinus communicates with the nasal cavity through the _____________.
The maxillary sinus communicates with the nasal cavity through the nasomaxillary opening.
Rostral and caudal components of the equine maxillary sinuse are separated by an __________.
Rostral and caudal components of the equine maxillary sinuse are separated by an oblique septum.
Rostral compartment of the maxillary sinus is divided into medial and lateral components by the _____________.
Rostral compartment of the maxillary sinus is divided into medial and lateral components by the infraorbital canal.
Medial component of the equine maxillary sinus communicates with the ___________ sinus.
Medial component of the equine maxillary sinus communicates with the sphenopalatine sinus.
T/F: The maxillary sinuse of the bovine does not communicate with the frontal sinus
True
The maxillary sinuse of the equine contains roots of what teeth?
PM4 and M1-3
__________ sinus: absent in carnivores and pigs.
Palatine sinus: absent in carnivores and pigs.
________ sinus: absent in dogs and small ruminants
Sphenoid sinus: absent in dogs and small ruminants
______ sinus: only found in pigs and ruminants
Lacrimal sinus: only found in pigs and ruminants
___________ sinus: cutaneous pouch located rostral to medial angle of the eye, only found in sheep and some deer.
Infraorbital sinus: cutaneous pouch located rostral to medial angle of the eye, only found in sheep and some deer.
The clinical significance of sinuses is _________.
The clinical significance of sinuses is infection.
Equine Dental Formula
3 - 1 - 3/4 - 3
3 - 1 - 3/4 - 3
Bovine Dental Formula
0 - 0 - 3 - 3
3 - 1 - 3 - 3
The canine tooth is more common in ______.
The canine tooth is more common in males.
Premolar 1 if present in the equine is called the ____________.
Premolar 1 if present in the equine is called the wolf tooth.
Eruption dates of the equine adult incisors
I 1 - 2.5y
I 2- 3.5y
I 3 - 4.5y
Eruption dates of the equine adult canines
4 -5 years
Eruption dates of the equine adult premolars
P1 - 5-6m
P2 - 2.5y
P3 - 3y
P4 - 4y
Eruption dates of the equine adult molars
M1 - 1y
M2 - 2y
M3 - 3.5-4y
The bovine dentition is unique due to its ___________ located in the upper arcade.
The bovine dentition is unique due to its dental pad located in the upper arcade.
The mandibular lymph node is associated with the _____________.
The mandibular lymph node is associated with the Linguofacial Vein.
The _________ is assoicated with the guttural pouch and runs with the internal carotid artery.
The retropharyngeal lymph node is assoicated with the guttural pouch and runs with the internal carotid artery.
The retropharyngeal lymph node is important clinically due to the inflammation caused by ________ disease.
The retropharyngeal lymph node is important clinically due to the inflammation caused by Strangles disease
The ________ lymph node is not visible unless a chronic infection is present.
The Parotid lymph node is not visible unless a chronic infection is present.
Guttural pouches are bound laterally by
Guttural pouches are bound laterally by pterygoid muscles and mandibular salivary glands
Medial and lateral compartments of the guttural pouch are separated by _______________.
Medial and lateral compartments of the guttural pouch are separated by stylohyoid bones.
The _______ compartment of the guttural pouch is larger.
The medial compartment of the guttural pouch is larger.
Structures associated with the medial guttural pouch
Cranial Nerves IX - XII
Sympathetic Trunk
Internal Caroid Artery
Structures associated with the lateral guttural pouch
External Carotid Artery
Boundaries of Viborgs Triangle
Caudal angle of Mandible
Linguofacial Vein
Sternocephalicus
The guttural pouch communicates with the nasopharynx through the ___________.
The guttural pouch communicates with the nasopharynx through the pharyngeal opening.
___________ is an important muscle of the the Flehmens response.
Levator labii superioris is an important muscle of the the Flehmens response.
The tendon of the levator labii superioris muscle can be used as a landmark for the ____________.
The tendon of the levator labii superioris muscle can be used as a landmark for the infraorbital nerve.
____________ differentiates the external jugular vein from the common carotid artery.
Jugular Groove differentiates the external jugular vein from the common carotid artery.
Borders of the jugular groove
Brachiocephalicus
Omohyoideus
Sternocephalicus
_____________ must be displaced to place an endotracheal tube.
Epiglottic cartilage must be displaced to place an endotracheal tube.
Arytenoid cartilage of equines have a _________ process only.
Arytenoid cartilage of equines have a corniculate process only.
Due to the placement of the epiglottis, equids are
Due to the placement of the epiglottis, equids are obligate nasal breathers
Nasogastric tubes are place through the __________.
Nasogastric tubes are place through the ventral nasal meatus.
____________ interferes with breathing, epiglottis is not seen on endoscopic exam
Dorsal Displacement of Soft Palate interferes with breathing, epiglottis is not seen on endoscopic exam
_____________ is partial paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscles (Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis).
Laryngeal Hemiplegia is partial paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscles (Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis).
___________ has a small carotid sinus.
Internal carotid artery has a small carotid sinus.
___________ at the mandibular notch can be used for a pulse.
Facial Artery at the mandibular notch can be used for a pulse.
____________ at the facial crest can be used for a pulse.
Transverse Facial Artery at the facial crest can be used for a pulse.
____________ runs with the Facial Artery and Vein.
Parotid runs with the Facial Artery and Vein.
_____________ is used for venipuncture.
External Jugular Vein is used for venipuncture.
_________ drains the orbit
Deep Facial Vein drains the orbit
_____________ can be used for venipuncture when the animal is anesthetized.
Transverse Facial Vein can be used for venipuncture when the animal is anesthetized.
The __________ is a branch off of the Opthalmic branch off the Trigeminal Nerve, it supplies touch sensation to the superior palpebra.
The Supraorbital Nerve is a branch off of the Opthalmic branch off the Trigeminal Nerve, it supplies touch sensation to the superior palpebra.
In the bovine, the ___________ is a branch off the Maxillary branch of Trigeminal, it innervates the dermis of the horn.
In the bovine, the Cornual Nerve is a branch off the Maxillary branch of Trigeminal, it innervates the dermis of the horn.
The _________ should be blocked when dehorning calves.
The Cornual Nerve should be blocked when dehorning calves.
The __________ runs with the Mylohyoid Nerve.
The Inferior Alveolar runs with the Mylohyoid Nerve.
_______________ joins the Facial Nerve at the Buccal Branches.
Auriculotemporal Nerve joins the Facial Nerve at the Buccal Branches.
Paralysis of the Buccinator muscle due to _____________ damage can result in food caught between the cheek and teeth.
Paralysis of the Buccinator muscle due to Facial Nerve damage can result in food caught between the cheek and teeth.
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves are associated with the ___________.
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves are associated with the guttural pouch.
