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Spring 18 Pedo > Nitrous > Flashcards

Nitrous Flashcards

1
Q

_____ synthesized nitrous.

_____ discovered anesthesia.

A

Priestley

Wells

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2
Q

Analgesic/Anxiolytic agent causing CNS depression and euphoria with little effect on the respiratory system.

A

Nitrous

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3
Q

Minimally impairs reflexes, thus protecting the cough reflex.

A

Nitrous

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4
Q

Nitrous is the least potent ________.

A

general anesthetic

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5
Q

Where is nitrous held in the blood?

A

Serum

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6
Q

Measure of potency.

A

MAC

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7
Q

Concentration of gas needed to produce immobility in 50% of patients.

A

MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)

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8
Q

Nitrous causes analgesia bc it causes:

A

Release of endogenous opioids.

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9
Q

Nitrous causes anxiolysis bc:

A

Activates GABA receptors

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10
Q

________ + ________ = successful injection

A

Nitrous + Distraction

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11
Q

Nitrous will not eliminate the need for this, except in minor dental procedures.

A

Local anesthetic

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12
Q

Continue this while using nitrous

A

Behavior guidance techniques

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13
Q

Nitrous reduces this reflex.

A

Gag

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14
Q

Nitrous is used when this can’t be obtained.

A

profound local anesthesia

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15
Q

Nausea and Vomiting from nitrous increase when you have:

A

1) Longer administration
2) Fluctuations in nitrous oxide levels
3) Increased concentration of nitrous
4) Rapid induction and reversal (no titration)

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16
Q

Ideal percent nitrous for kids.

A

30-40%

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17
Q

Contraindications to nitrous

A 
Can
Everyone
Please
Be
More
Conscientious
18
Q 
C
E
P
B
M
C
A 
COPD
Emotional Disturbances
Pregnancy (first trimester)
Bleomycin Sulfate Tx
MTHFR deficiency
Cobalamin deificiency
19
Q

Can patients with asthma receive nitrous?

A

Yes bc it’s not irritating to the tissues

20
Q

Can nitrous be used for patients with a hypoxic drive?

A

No bc you eliminate their drive to breathe.

21
Q

Lack of oxygen causes them to breathe.

A

Hypoxic drive

22
Q

Anti-neoplastic drug used to treat certain types of cancer.

A

Bleomycin sulfate

23
Q

Why is MTHFR deficiency a contraindication to nitrous?

A

Because people with MTHFR deficiency have increased homocysteine levels in the body.

Nitrous increases homocysteine levels as well, exacerbating the problem.

24
Q

Why is nitrous contraindicated in patients with Cobalamin deficiency?

A

Bc it irreversibly oxidizes the Cobalt atom in Vit B12

25
Q

Cobalamin is what vitamin?

A

B12

26
Q

Why is nitrous contraindicated in patients with acute otitis media, bowel obstruction, or recent retinal surgery?

A

Because nitrous expands gas-filled spaces, like the middle ear, retina, and bowels, and can cause pain or rupture of the space.

27
Q

Has there ever been a known reported allergy to nitrous (N20)?

A

no

28
Q

Gas flow goal of nitrous.

A

Match tidal volume to gas flow.

29
Q

The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing.

A

Tidal volume

30
Q

Tidal volume in adults

A

500 mL

31
Q

The amt of air moved into or out of the lungs in a minute.

A

Minute Volume

32
Q

How to calculate minute volume.

A

(Tidal Volume)(Respiratory Rate)

33
Q

Average minute volume

A

6-7 L/min

34
Q

As we grow from child to adult _________ increases and ________ decreases.

A

Tidal volume

Respiratory rate

35
Q

Minute volume for 4 y.o

A

4 L/min

36
Q

Minute volume for adults

A

6 L/min

37
Q

The reservoir bag should be _____ full and pulsate with each breath.

A

2/3

38
Q

NItrous concentration should not exceed what?

A

50%

39
Q

How are the palms when optimal sedation is achieved?

A

Warm and slightly moist

40
Q

This nitrous induction technique is used for children who may be on the edge of losing coping abilities and need to be controlled quickly.

A

Rapid Induction Technique

41
Q

Nitrous may be added to the oxygen prior to seating of the nasal hood in which patients?

A

Claustrophobic patients

42
Q

When does diffusion hypoxia occur?

A

When nitrous concentrations are high (70%).

Spring 18 Pedo (11 decks)

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