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Spring 18 Pedo > Medical Emergencies Part II > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Part II Flashcards

1
Q

This should not be used in CONSCIOUS PATIENTS because they tend to induce gagging and vomiting.

A

Oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway (intubation).

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2
Q

Suctions without damaging the surrounding tissues.

A

Yankauer suction

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3
Q

Versed is AKA what?

A

Midazolam

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4
Q

Reversal agent for Versed

A

Flkumazenil

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5
Q

The most common method to deliver emergency drugs.

A

Intramuscular (IM)

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6
Q

Insert the needle at what angle for intramuscular injections.

A

90 degrees with the BEVEL UP!

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7
Q

Landmark for deltoid IM injection.

A

2 fingerbreaths below the acromion process

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8
Q

Landmarks for vastus lateralis injection.

A

1) Greater Trochanter

2) Lateral femoral condyle

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9
Q

Second moat important emergency drug after oxygen.

A

Epi

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10
Q

This emergency drug is only administered if the patient is experiencing a life-threatening medical emergency.

A

Epi

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11
Q

Epi treats:

A
  • Severe allergic reaction
  • Severe asthma attack
  • Cardiac arrest
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12
Q

Epi’s affect on HR and BP.

A

Increases

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13
Q

Epi’s affect on bronchial smooth muscle

A

Relaxes it.

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14
Q

Epi has anti-histaminic action.

A

True.

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15
Q

1:1000 epi has ? mg/ml.

A

1

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16
Q

1:10,000 epi has ? mg/ml?

A

0.10

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17
Q

EpiPens should only be injected here.

A

Vastus Lateralis

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18
Q

EpiPen dose

A

0.3 mg/dose

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19
Q

EpiPen Jr dose

A

0.15 mg

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20
Q

Pediatric dose of epi.

A

.01 mg/kg up tp 0.3 mg/dose.

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21
Q

Starting at how many pounds are you considered an adult?

A

66 lbs.

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22
Q

Dose of epi for a 65 lb person.

A

.01 mg/kg

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23
Q

Adult dose of epi ?

A

0.3 mg/dose

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24
Q

How often can you give epi?

A

Every 5 mins until help arrives.

No maximum on how many times you can give epi.

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25
Q

This drug is a beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, thus causing bronchodilation.

A

Albuterol

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26
Q

Dosage of albuterol

A

2 puffs

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27
Q

Side effects of albuterol.

A

Tachycardia

Anxiety

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28
Q

Side effects of epi.

A
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • Cardiac arrythmias
  • Chest pain
  • Anxiety
  • Headache
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29
Q

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation.

A

Nitroglycerin

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30
Q

Nitroglycerin is used for what?

A

Angina pectoris

Myocardial infarction

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31
Q

Dosage of Nitroglycerin

A

1 spray or tablet, 0.4 mg, every 5 minutes.

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32
Q

When do you stop giving Nitroglycerin?

A

1) When chest pain subsides.

2) When systolic BP is below 100 mm Hg

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33
Q

Aspirin dose.

A

325 mg

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34
Q

Use of aspirin

A

Suspected MI

35
Q

How is Aspirin taken

A

Chewed

36
Q

Side effect of Aspirin

A

Upset stomach

37
Q

Diphenhydramine AKA

A

Benadryl

38
Q

Diphenhydramine MOA

A

H1 receptor antagonist.

Blocks Histamine from binding to its receptor.

39
Q

Use of Diphenhydramine

A

1) Allergic reactions of slower onset or less severity than anaphylaxis.
2) Adjunct to epi in severe allergic reactions.

40
Q

Dosage of diphenhydramine.

A

1-2 mg/kg INTRAMUSCULARLY up to 50 mg.

41
Q

What is Midazolam used for?

A

Grand mal seizures

sedative

42
Q

MIdazolam pediatric dose for sustained grand mal seizure.

A

0.15 mg/kg to a maximum of 10 mg for the initial dose.

43
Q

This form of glucose is only effective in raising blood glucose when swallowed.

A

Glucose pastes

44
Q

Used for adrenal insufficiency and adjunct in allergy management.

A

Corticosteroids (like methylprednisolone)

45
Q

What do you do if a patient doesn’t have a pulse?

A

30 chest compressions at 100 per minute.

Give 2 breaths after 30 compressions.

30 compressions
2 breaths

46
Q

If there are two rescuers for a child, how many compressions do you do?

A

15

47
Q

How do you position someone who has lost consciousness?

A

Lay flat on their back, with the feet slightly raised above the level of the heart.

48
Q

Diphenhydramine child dose

A

10-25 mg

49
Q

Diphenhydramine adult dose

A

25-50 mg

50
Q

Drug delivery of epi

A

0.01 mg/kg INTRAMUSCULARLY

51
Q

What do you do for local anesthetic toxicity?

A

Supplemental oxygen

52
Q

Metallic taste and tinnitus are a sign of what?

A

LA toxicity.

53
Q

Preferred way to administer flumazenil.

A

IV

54
Q

AKA “passing out.”

A

Syncope

55
Q

What is syncope usually triggered by?

A

Anxiety

56
Q

Signs of pre-syncope.

A

1) Light-headedness

2) May lose normal skin color in the face and lips

57
Q

Appropriate in any emergency involving a decrease in brain perfusion.

A

Administering O2

58
Q

Positioning of someone with pre-syncope.

A

Lay flat on back with legs above heart level to allow blood flow to the brain.

59
Q

Name the medical eergency:

  • Decrease in HR and BP
  • Decreased blood flow to the brain, and loss of consciousness
  • Breathing becomes irregular, pupils dilate, and convulsive movements may be noted.
  • Muscles relax and airway may become obstructed.
A

Syncope

60
Q

Drug of choice to increase HR.

A

ATROPINE

61
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is immediate?

A

Type I

62
Q

Common triggers of allergic reactions in pediatric dentistry.

A
  • Penicillins
  • Ester-type LA’s for their topical anesthetic effect
  • Sulfide antioxidants in LA’s
63
Q

An anaphylactic reaction is cause by the release of this.

A

Histamine

64
Q

This causes constriction of bronchial smooth muscle that produces respiratory distress.

A

Anaphylaxis

65
Q

Principle recognizable sign of an allergic reaction.

A

Wheezing, which indicates bronchoconstriction.

66
Q

What do you give if it’s a SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION?

A

Epinephrine

(0.01 mg/kg to max initial dose of 0.3 mg).

67
Q

Epinephrine physiologically counteracts the effects of what?

A

Histamine

68
Q

This causes BRONCHODILATION and RAISES BP.

A

EPINEPHRINE

69
Q

This should always be administered in an allergic reaction.

A

OXYGEN

70
Q

Pediatric dose of Benadryl

A

1 mg/kg

71
Q

Phases of grand mal seizures:

A

Prodromal
Aura
Ictal (Convulsive)
Postictal

72
Q

Grand mal phase where there are subtle changes that maoy occur over minutes to hours.

Not usually clinically evident to the DDS or patient.

A

Prodromal

73
Q

Phase of grand mal seizures where:

  • Neurologic experience that the patient goes thru right before the seizure.
  • May involve a taste, smell, hallucination, motor activity, etc.
  • Often the same for the patient.
A

Aura

74
Q

Tonic-clonic phase

A

Convulsive

75
Q

As chest wall musculature contracts, air is expelled through the larynx, producing vocalization called ……

A

Epileptic cry

76
Q

Rigid skeletal muscle contraction

A

Tonic

77
Q

Jerky movements begin.

A

Clonic

78
Q

This phase lasts 1-3 mins.

A

Clonic

79
Q

Phase where muscles relax and movement stops.

A

Postictal

80
Q

Phase where there’s a lot of CNS depression, may lead to respiratory depression.

A

Postictal

81
Q

A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or having more than one seizure in a 5 minute period.

A

Status Epilepticus.

82
Q

Single seizures are usually what?

A

Self-limiting.

83
Q

Drug for status epilepticus.

A

Midazolam

84
Q

Epi for asthma is administered how often?

A

Every 15 mins

Spring 18 Pedo (11 decks)

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