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ANPH 500 - Pharmacology - McCarver > Nitrous > Flashcards

Nitrous Flashcards

0
Q

What percentage of nitrous is in the liquid form in a full cylinder?

A

30%

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1
Q

What is the only inorganic anesthetic agent?

A

Nitrous

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2
Q

What is the most dangerous impurity in nitrous?

A

NitriC oxide

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3
Q

What is the metabolism rate of nitrous?

A

0.004%

Like James Bond 007

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4
Q

Nitrous blood gas partition coefficient

A

0.46

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5
Q

10% nitrous has the analgesic equivalence of 7.5 mg of __

A

Morphine

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6
Q

Nitrous has __ skeletal muscle relaxation

A

Poor

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7
Q

Diffusion hypoxia can occur with __ discontinuation of nitrous

A

Abrubr

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8
Q

If you see ANY diffusion hypoxia question, just __

A

Give oxygen

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9
Q

Outpouring of nitrous from blood to alveoli is greatest during the first __ to __ minutes

A

1-5

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10
Q

Second gas effect occurs from a __ effect and augmentation of __ gas flow

A

Concentrating effect

Tracheal gas flow

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11
Q

Concentration effect says that the greater the concentration of delivered anesthetic, the __ anesthesia is obtained. The larger the initial dose, the __ the onset of action.

A

Faster

Gaster

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12
Q

The second gas effect is when a large concentration of a first gas is taken up it __ the second gas

A

Concentrates

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13
Q

Nitrous is the __ metabolized inhalation anesthetic

A

Least

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14
Q

The metabolism of nitrous is in the GI tract by ANaerobic bacteria like pseudomonas, if the GI tract has greater than 10% oxygen, __

A

there will be NO metabkism

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15
Q

Nitrous is the only anesthetic that can oxidize vitamin __

A

B12

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16
Q

Nitrous can inactivate the enzyme methionine synthase which regulates __ and __ acid metabolism

A

B12

Folic acid

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17
Q

Patients on 50/50 nitrous for 2.5 hours have their __ synthase inactivated

A

Methionine

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18
Q

Nitrous produces analgesia via opioid like neurons in the periaqueductal grey matter of the brain stem, which project to the __

A

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord where they act through alpha-2b adrenergic receptors inhibiting nociception.

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19
Q

In short, nitrous provides analgesia by inhibition of the __

A

Dorsal horn nociceptive neurons

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20
Q

CNS saturation by nitrous occurs by displacing nitrogen and usually occurs within __

A

3-5 minutes

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21
Q

The vessel rich group receives __ amounts of nitrous

A

greater

22
Q

When monitoring evoked potentials, __

A

Don’t give more than 50%

23
Q

Nitrous can either give you no change or __ blood pressure

A

Increase

24
Q

Nitrous and pulm hypertension?

A

NO

25
Q

Nitrous and congenital heart disease with right to left shunt?

A

NO

26
Q

Left to right shunt?

A

Yes

27
Q

Nitrous is like breathing __, __

A

butter, not an airway irritant

28
Q

Nitrous __ FRC

A

decreases

29
Q

Nitrous can __ pulm vascular resistance

A

Raise

30
Q

In high doses, nitrous may produce skeletal muscle __

A

Rigidity

31
Q

Nitrous is a __ trigger agent for MH

A

Weak

32
Q

Nitrous will not hasten emergence with __

A

Des

33
Q

What is the MAC of nitrous?

A

104%

34
Q

Nitrous has a molecular weight of __

A

44

35
Q

Nitrous has __ preservative

A

No

36
Q

Nitrous has __ potency and __ blood solubility.

A

Low

Low

37
Q

80% nitrous causes h_, h_, and b_

A

hypoxia, hallucinations, bizarre dreams

38
Q

65%= __

A

Excitement stage

39
Q

35% provides __

A

The perfect mix, profound analgesia and patient cooperation

40
Q

Nitrous and EEG, slower __, higher __

A

Slower frequency

Higher voltage

41
Q

Should you use nitrous when there is a potential for hypoxia?

A

NO

42
Q

Should you use nitrous for muscle relaxation?

A

NO

43
Q

Should you use nitrous for a pneumothorax?

A

NO

44
Q

Should you use nitrous for PONV?

A

NO

45
Q

Should you use nitrous for cases with potential for air emboli like cardiac and vascular?

A

NO

46
Q

Should you use nitrous for laparoscopic cases?

A

NO

47
Q

Nitrous has a __ ability to lessen the body’s ability to fight infection

A

Minimal

48
Q

Is nitrous associated with hepatotoxicy, decreased liver perfusion, or decreased hepatic drug metabolism?

A

NO

49
Q

Is nitrous associated with fluoride induced nephrotoxicity?

A

NO

50
Q

Is nitrous implicated with coronary steal?

A

NO

51
Q

How does nitrous increase CVP?

A

Increases pulmonary vascular resistance.

52
Q

Does nitrous induce seizures? Does it suppress seizures like iso/sevo/des?

A

NO

NO

ANPH 500 - Pharmacology - McCarver (11 decks)

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