Nitrogen Compounds Flashcards
Why can amines dissolve in water
They form hydrogen bonds with it
How can aliphatic amines be prepared ?
Heating a haloalkane with ammonia dissolved in ethanol.
Why must the reaction between haloalkane and ammonia be carried out in a sealed vessel ?
To prevent gas escaping
Why must the solvent be ethanol in the reaction between a haloalkane and ammonia ?
If water is present NH3 is protonated and the ammonium ion (NH4+) is formed
Why can RNH2 behave as a nucleophile ?
It has a lone pair of electrons
Why is the impact of NH2 acting as a nucleophile in the reaction between haloalkane and ammonia ?
It allows for further reactions which can result in the formation of a secondary, tertiary or quartenary salt
What are the reaction conditions for the reduction of nitriles ?
Reducing agent is sodium and alcohol
LiAlH4
Nickel catalyst I
How can aromatic amines be prepared ?
Heating nitrobenzene under reflux with tin and concentrated HCl
Describe what happens in the reaction to prepare an aromatic amine
Nitrobenzene is reduced to form phenylamine which immediately reacts with HCl to form a salt
Phenylamine is reformed by addition of NaOH
Amines react with acids to form
Salts
What is a chiral compound ?
Molecules that are asymmetric that are non superimposable mirror images of each other.
What are asymmetric molecules ?
Molecules with no centre, axis or plan of symmetry.
Amino acid + NaOH —>
Salt and water
Amino acid + ethanol —>
Ester + water
Amino acid + acid —>
Amine salt
