Haloalkanes Flashcards
What makes carbon-halogen bond in haloalkanes polar?
Large difference in electronegativities
What is a nucleophile?
Electron pair donor
What are the charges on carbon atom and halogen atom
Delta plus for carbon
Delta minus for halogen
What factors affect nucleophillic substitution?
Strength of C-X bond
Polarity of C-X bond
Trend of polarity going down halogen group?
Electronegativity decreases going down the group
Trend of strength of C-X bond going down halogen group?
Atoms get larger going down
More shielding
Lower bond enthalpies, easier to break
What is nucleophillic substitution?
A reaction where an atom or group of atoms is exchanged for a nucleophile
What kind of reaction is hydrolysis?
Nucleophillic substitution
What is hydrolysis?
A chemical reaction where water is a reactant
What is the colour of chloroalkane and silver nitrate?
White
What is the colour of bromoalkane and silver nitrate?
Cream
What is the colour of iodoalkane and silver nitrate?
Yellow
How can rate of hydrolysis of haloalkane be measured?
One product of hydrolysis is halide ions
These form coloured precipitate with acidified silver nitrate
What is produced when a haloalkane is heated under reflux with aqueous solution containing hydroxide ions?
An alcohol
