Nisseria and moraxella Flashcards
Nisseria shape and gram type
gram negative cocci
they’re —-pathogens / types/ how many species in the niseria genus
human pathogens/ nisseria gonoeehra and nisseria meningitidis/ there are 10 species in the nisseria genus
what about moraxella? what other 3 names does it go by?
moraxella catarhallis/ Branhanella catarrhalis
and Neisseria catarrhalis)
start wih nisseria from here: properties:
gram negative/ diplococci (coffee beans)aerobic/oxidase positive/catalse positive/non motile/non spore forming/highly fastidious organisms
N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis are strictly
human pathogens
NG is —
sextuallay transmitted surrouned by a capsule like structure
NM:
transmitted through respiratory droplets, polysac capsule (serogroupe) which there are 13 of but the most pathogenic ones are A,B,C Y and W 135
4 things nisseria have:
1) capsule
2) pilli: attachment, material transfer, antigenic variation, resistance to killling by neutrophile
3)porin protein: allow nutrients to pass into the cell and waste products to exit;
in NG interefere with degranulation of neutrophils (protection from IR)
4)opa protein: mediates intimate binding to epithelial and phagocytic cells and are important for cell-cell siganinlimg
virulence factor for nisseria:
LOS: lipo oligosac has endotoxin activity
N meninigitidis: transmission and acqisistion:/ by prolonged—
same way through resp droplets/close contact
—disease is most common in–/—- and — are prone to infection/
endemic/children under 5 years particularly infants, teens and young adults/immunocompromised and elderly
Neisseria Meningitidis general symptoms:
sudden onset of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, decreased ability to concentarte and myalgia
Clinical diseases of N. Meningitidis
1) meningitis: (most common complication of an infection with NM)/ purulent inflammation of meninges associated with headache, meningeal signs, and fever high mortality rate unless
promptly treated with effective antibiotics
2)Meningococcemia:disseminated infection characterized by thrombosis of small blood vessels
and multiorgan involvement small, petechial skin lesions coalesce into larger hemorrhagic lesions,
adrenal glands lesion
3) pneumonia: milder form of meningococcal disease characterized by bronchopneumonia in
patients with underlying pulmonary disease
slide 12
failure of the adrenal glands during Meningococcemia is AKA
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) or hemorrhagic adrenalitis or Fulminant meningococcemia, is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding
into the adrenal glands
incidence of N gonorrhea: age group: / transmitted—/reservoir:
15 to 24/sexually/asympototaic infected person (mostly women)
NG viruelnce factors and pathogeensis:
1) opa (important for invasin)
2) pilli
3)
adherence through pili and opa
adherence is mediated through—-and —/ the bacteria only attach to—
pilli and opa/ the microvilli of noncilliated columnar epithelial cells
a major porin protein (por)—
in he outer outer membrane of the bcateria is thought to be the invasin that mediates the invasion of the host cell, it may prevent ohagolysoosom epfirmation in neutrophiles
clinical diseases of N gonorrhea:
gonorrhea: characterized by purulent discharge of involved site (e.g., urethra, cervix,
epididymis, prostate, anus) after 2- to 5-day incubation period
complications of gonorrhea (choeck slide 16)
disseminated infection:
1)spread from genitourinary tract through blood to skin or joints
2)Characterized by pustular rash with erythematous base and suppurative arthritis
in involved joints
neonatal and pediatric infections:
Ophthalmia neonatorum: purulent ocular infection acquired by neonate at
birth
Acute conjunctivitis develops within a few days of delivery and is confirmed by
identification of gonococci in conjunctival secretions
(while they are both forms of conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum is a specific condition that affects newborns, usually due to an infection passed from the mother during birth.)
NISEERIA LAB DIAGNOSIS: specimen for N gonorrhea:/specimen for N meningitis:
urethreal discharge/ endocervix/ BLOOD, CSF, SPUTUM. FOR BOTH: Gram negtiave diplococci within
polymorphonuclear leukocytes /
gonocci are very sensitive
and
specimen should be inoculated
upon collection (dry, cold)
bacterial growth: can be on both:
1) nonselective media like chocolate agar
2) seletive media that suppresses the growth of contaminating organsism
modified thayer martin medium:
chocolate agar with enriched supplement with nayastatin, vancomyosin and colistin
GC (gonococcal)selective agar
usually conisist of GC agar base supplemented with lysed or chocolated horse blood
growth is in the prescence of —
3-5 % CO2
SLIDE 23 and 24 25 26
treatment: paper
passive immunity for —-:
meningitidis: breast feeding
vaccine for N.meningitides
a polyvalent, polysac conjugate vaccine effective against serotypes A, B C Y and W135 is recommended for all people aged 11 to 18 years old and other people at increased risk of meningococcal disease
nisseria can be—
beta lectamase producers
Moraxella catarrhalis are—
normal flora of the upper resp tract
colonization of upper resp tract with middle ear pathogens including M. catarrhalis,—
is anecessary first step in the pathogenesis of otitis media
diseases:
1) otitis:earcahe, a feeling of fullness in the ear, ear drainage
2)sinusitis: inflammation or swelling of the tissues of the sinuses
3)pneumonia:in adult
4) CAP in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
diagnsosis:
oxidase positive/ dnase positive
Gram-negative diplococci, aerobic
Blood or chocolate agar. 5-10% CO2 in 35-37 degrees
treatment on paper
