Nika's Stack of Eyeballs! and Ophtalmology Flashcards
lazy eye (sees poorly)
amblyopia
amblyopia (is…)
decreased vision, not misalignment
lazy eye (Sp.)
ambliopía, ojo vago
myopia (Sp.)
miopía
lazy
vago, ocioso, perezoso
ability to focus (eye)
capacidad de focalización
squint
entornar los ojos, entrecerrar los ojos
droopy eyelid
ptosis, párpado caído
stye
orzuelo
Meibomian gland (Sp.)
glándula de Meibomio = glándula tarsal
Meibomian gland (is….)
tarsal glands sit inside the eyelid and make meibum, an oily substance that traps the watery tear layer. Modified sebaceous glands.
chalasion
calacio / chalazión (not orzuelo)
eye crust
legaña
4 Refractive Media of the Eye
Cornea / Aqueous humor / Lens / Vitreous Humor
cornea
córnea
aqueous humor
humor acuoso
where the aqueous humor is contained
anterior chamber of the eye
the cornea has no blood vessels, it’s transparent. it gets oxygen….
directly from the air. it breathes. that’s why soft contact lenses are gas-permeable.
lens
cristalino
vitreous humor
humor vítreo
stroma (of the iris (is…)
the filamentous layer of the iris that pulls the pupil open/closed
pupil vs. iris
optically, the pupil is the aperture and the iris is the diaphragm that controls how much light gets in
what color is the pupil?
black
what color is the iris?
any color, it’s the pretty part
what color is the sclera?
white
what color is the cornea?
it’s transparent!
vitreous humor (is…)
99% water, jelly-like, and not continually replaced like the aqueous humor is.
hyaloid canal (is…)
a canal that runs through the vitreous humor from optic nerve to lens. before birth it contains the hyaloid artery which suppies the developing lens, which later disappears
lens (is…)
highly elastic, changes shape which is how you focus
presbyopia (is…)
age-related changes in the eye’s lens: flattened, harder, stiffer, yellower. makes it harder to focus because it can’t change shape
cataract (is…)
when the lens loses transparency and becomes cloudy
German Measles
can cause congenital glaucoma and congenital cataracts
lens (Sp.)
el cristalino
pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)
pterigión
pupil
la pupila
zónula
Zinn’s membrane, ciliary zonule
ciliary glands (are)
modified sweat glands around the eyelid. aka Glands of Moll
Glands of Zeis
are also modified sebaceous glands
ciliary ligament
unlike the ciliary glands, these are inside the eye
hordeolum
stye
stye vs. chalazion
chaliazia are infections of the tarsal glands (Meibomian). styes are infections of the glands of Moll (ciliary) or Zeis.
styes tend to hurt vs. chalazia tend not to.
cycloplegic drops
what they use to dilate the pupil during eye exams, usually Tropicamide
accommodation
ability of the eye to focus
cycloplegia
paralysis of the ciliary muscle, which holds and adjusts the lens. results in loss of accomodation, aka blurry vision.
pilocarpine
used to treat glaucoma
miosis
constriction of the pupil
mydriasis
dilation fo the pupil
anisocoria
pupils are of unequal openness
glaucoma (is)
increased pressure of the aqueous humor, which is constantly produced, replaced, drained. it can put pressure on the rest of the eye and damage the retina.
