Nigeria-Problems with oil wealth Flashcards
What does OPEC stand for?
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
When did Nigeria going OPEC?
Mid-1970’s
Where was the oil in Nigeria first extracted from?
Niger Delta
When was oil first extracted in Nigeria?
1956
Name 3 of Nigeria’s oil export destinations:
USA- 40%
Western Europe- 21%
Asia+Pacific- 16%
Name the 5 main transnational corporations (TNC’s):
Shell Total Agip Exxon Mobil Chevron
How many oil fields do the TNC’s operate collectively?
159 oil fields
How many flow stations do the TNC’s operate collectively?
275 flow stations
How many miles of pipelines do the TNC’s operate collectively?
4500 miles of pipelines
Problems: Elaborate on Nigeria importing more food than it produces.
Nigeria is no longer self-sufficient with food. Both communities+ the government have neglected agriculture in pursuit of oil wealth.
What is the population of Nigeria?
130 million (the most populated country in Africa).
Provlems: Elaborate on refineries in Nigeria are old+poorly run.
They result in frequent breakdowns. Therefore Nigeria has to import some of its fuel.
How does the World Bank describe Nigeria and why?
“A fragile state” because of failed governance, epidemic disease and the risk of armed conflict.
Problems: elaborate on very poor quality of life.
This is according to the United Nations. Most nigerians live on less than one dollar a day. Fifty years of oil extraction has failed to improve the lives of the majority of people. Critics blame the government and the transnational oil companies.
Problems: expand on corrupt government.
Trickle down effect to the country’s poor is extremely limited. Nigeria’s anticorruption agency estimated that in 2003, 70% of oil revenues (more than 14 billion dollars) was stolen or wasted.
Problems: Environment-elaborate on oil spills.
Oil spills, acid rain from gas+flares and the stripping away of mangroves for pipeline routes have killed off fish.
Problems= Between 1986 and 2003 how many acres of of mangroves disappeared from the coast?
50,000 acres of mangroves
What were the three main reasons for the removal of mangroves from the coast?
1) Land clearing
2) Canal dredging
3) Glad exploration
What effects does burning natural gas off as flares?
Acid rain and releases greenhouse gases.
How many oil spills has the government recognised since Nigeria began to produce oil?
6817, yet critics believe it to be more.
What effects has construction and increased ship traffic had on the environment?
It has changed local wave patterns causing shore erosion and the migration of fish into deeper water (more difficult for fishermen).
When did The Federal Environmental Protection Agency come into action?
1988
When were the Environmental Impact Assessments made compulsory?
1992
What are Environmental Impact Assessments?
Documents which are required by law, detailing the impacts of the environment of an energy project above a certain size.
