Nice phrases to learn

Question 1

Nice phrase to learn for opening statement for describing the pathogenesis of a luminal GI disease

Answer 1

Likely to be multifactorial involving mucosal immune responses to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual.

Question 2

When starting to describe an operation give a statement of the aim of surgery. Here is a nice example for malignancy.

Answer 2

Resection of the tumour with adequate margins and regional lymphadenectomy with restoration of GIT continuity (GIT) or reapproximation of function(e.g. hepatic surgery)/cosmesis(breast/skin)

Question 3

Describe pathogenesis of any overwhelming infectious or inflammatory process (hint SIRS)

Answer 3

Induces an exaggerated widespread inflammatory reaction to a noxious stimulus e.g. infection, trauma characterised by fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea and abnormal WCC. It is driven by cytokine cascade where excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1 and IL-6 leads to widespread endothelial damage, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. This uncontrolled inflammation can result in tissue damage, organ dysfunction and shock.