Newman, VG Flashcards
Clinical features seen when Hb falls below 7-8
pallor, sleepiness, irritability, decreased exercise tolerance, flow murmur (grade 2-3, systolic ejection, crescendo-decrescendo, between LLSB and apex).
MCV and RDW in IDA vs. Lead-Poisoning
IDA: slight decrease in MCV, slight increases in RDW
Lead: slight decrease in MCV, HUGE INCREASE in RDW
Anemia caused by decreased RBC production caused by ineffective/incomplete or complete failure of erythropiesis results in: ____ # of reticulocytes
low or normal number of reticulocytes (inadequate marrow response to anemia)
Anemia caused by increased destruction or loss of RBC due to hemolysis, sequestration, or bleeding results in _____ # of reticulocytes
normal number (normal marrow response to anemia)
Three most common causes of microcytic anemias in kids:
IDA, Lead poisoning, thalassemia
Physical findings for fanconi anemia
Microcornea, hyperpigementation of the skin
Physical findings for Vit B12 deficiency
glossitis, mouth sores
Physical findings for Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome
Shield chest
Physiologic nadir of Hct/Hb occurs when?
6-8 weeks
Define Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome, avg age of dx, and lab findings
- Perfect example of a PURE red cell aplasia due to increased apoptosis in erythroid precursors.
- Avg dx is at 3mo (neonatal pallor progressing to sx anemia)
- MACROcytic with low retic count
Define Fanconi Anemia, avg age of dx, and lab findings
A pancytopenia due to increased apoptosis of marrow progenitor cells.
- 8yo (cafe-au-lait, low briht wt, thumb/renal/eye abnormalities)
- MICROcytic
IDA, avg age of dx, and lab findings
Highest risk from 6-36mo
- MICROcytic with elevated RDW, possible target cells
- increased transferritin, low iron/ferritin
Sickle cell inheritance pattern and lab findings.
AR
basophilic stippling, reticulocytosis, hemolysis, HgbS on electrophoresis
What is often associated with birth trauma - can cause mental status changes, jaundice, tachycardia, tachypnea, increased HC, normal retic, low Hgb (~9) in a newborn
subgleal hemorrhage brith trauma (vacuum/forceps)
Mentzer Index
Used to differentiate between iron deficiency and thalassemia.
MCV/RBC. greater than 13 suggests iron deficiency (decreased RBC#); less than 13 suggests thalassemia (normal RBC#)