Newborn Flashcards
1
Q
Normal in newborns
A
-
Milia
- distended sebaceous glands which appear as tiny white spots on baby’s face
-
Epstein’s pearls
- Small, white epithelial cysts on baby’s gums
-
Mongolian spots
- bluish-black macules appearing over the buttocks/thighs of darker-skinned newborns
-
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
- red papular rash on baby’s torso which is benign and disappears after a few days
-
Hemangiomas
- Benign tumor of capillaries
-
Cephalohematoma
- swelling caused by bleeding between the ostium and periosteum of the skull
- does not cross suture lines
-
Caput succedaneum (CS - “crosses sutures & caput symmetrical)
- Edematous swelling on scalp caused by pressure during birth
- May cross suture lines
- Symmetrical
- Usually disappears in a few days
-
Hyperbilirubinemia
- Normal, physiologic jaundice appears after 24 hours of age and disappears at about 1 week of age
-
Vernix caseosa
- whitish cheese-like substance which appears intermittently over the first 7-10 days
-
Acrocyanosis
- normal cyanosis of baby’s hands and feet which appear intermittently over the first 7-10 days
-
Nevus/Nevi
- Birthmark
- Nevus flammeus - nonblanchable port wine stain
- Telangiectatic nevi - blanchable pink “stork bites”
2
Q
Apgar scale
A
- Used to evaluate newborn
- Scored at 1 minutes and 5 minutes after birth
- Criteria (2 points per category)
- Cardiac status (2 for >100, 1 for HR 1 - 100)
- Respiratory effort (2 for vigorous crying, 1 for slow or irregular breathing)
- Muscle tone (1 for extremities flexed)
- Neuromuscular irritability (2 for crying, 1 for grimacing,
- Color (2 for pink, 1 for blue extremities)
3
Q
Teaching
A
- Clean eyes with plain water, cotton balls
- do not use cotton swabs
- do not use same cotton ball for same eyes
- Unhealed umbilicus
- Fold diaper down below the umbilicus
- heals in 7-14 days
- cleaned with 70% alcohol to promote drying
- Bathing
- 100-105F
- Begin with eyes (inner to outer)
4
Q
Breastfeeding
A
- Clean areola w/ plain water before and after feeding
- Breastfeed 20 minutes per side
- burp after each side
- Milk can be refrigerated for 24 hours
- Milk can be frozen for 6 months
- Store milk in plastic bag
- Breast milk low in fluoride and iron
- Milk should come in postpartum day 3
- Breastfeed Q2-3 hours to establish good milk supply
- Avoid while breastfeeding
- oral contraceptives
- Estrogen
5
Q
Infant Milestones - Growth
A
- Closure of anterior fontanel - 18-24 months
- Birth weight
- Should double in 6 months
- Should triple in 1 year
- First teeth to erupt
- lower central incisors
- Should have all deciduous teeth by 24 months
6
Q
Infant vitals
A
- Respirations 30-60
- HR 110-160
7
Q
Infant Activity Milestones
A
- Follow object with its head - 2 months
- Roll over - 4-5 months
- First teeth - 4-6 months
- First afraid of strangers - 6-7 months
- Sit up unassisted - 6-8 months
- Crawl - 8-9 months
- Walk holding furniture - 10-11 months
- Pincer Grasp - 12-13 months
- Stand alone - 12-13 months
- Walk alone - 14-15 months