Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

Normal in newborns

A
  • Milia
    • distended sebaceous glands which appear as tiny white spots on baby’s face
  • Epstein’s pearls
    • Small, white epithelial cysts on baby’s gums
  • Mongolian spots
    • bluish-black macules appearing over the buttocks/thighs of darker-skinned newborns
  • Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
    • red papular rash on baby’s torso which is benign and disappears after a few days
  • Hemangiomas
    • Benign tumor of capillaries
  • Cephalohematoma
    • swelling caused by bleeding between the ostium and periosteum of the skull
    • does not cross suture lines
  • Caput succedaneum (CS - “crosses sutures & caput symmetrical)
    • Edematous swelling on scalp caused by pressure during birth
    • May cross suture lines
    • Symmetrical
    • Usually disappears in a few days
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
    • Normal, physiologic jaundice appears after 24 hours of age and disappears at about 1 week of age
  • Vernix caseosa
    • whitish cheese-like substance which appears intermittently over the first 7-10 days
  • Acrocyanosis
    • normal cyanosis of baby’s hands and feet which appear intermittently over the first 7-10 days
  • Nevus/Nevi
    • Birthmark
    • Nevus flammeus - nonblanchable port wine stain
    • Telangiectatic nevi - blanchable pink “stork bites”
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2
Q

Apgar scale

A
  • Used to evaluate newborn
  • Scored at 1 minutes and 5 minutes after birth
  • Criteria (2 points per category)
    • Cardiac status (2 for >100, 1 for HR 1 - 100)
    • Respiratory effort (2 for vigorous crying, 1 for slow or irregular breathing)
    • Muscle tone (1 for extremities flexed)
    • Neuromuscular irritability (2 for crying, 1 for grimacing,
    • Color (2 for pink, 1 for blue extremities)
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3
Q

Teaching

A
  • Clean eyes with plain water, cotton balls
    • do not use cotton swabs
    • do not use same cotton ball for same eyes
  • Unhealed umbilicus
    • Fold diaper down below the umbilicus
    • heals in 7-14 days
    • cleaned with 70% alcohol to promote drying
  • Bathing
    • 100-105F
    • Begin with eyes (inner to outer)
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4
Q

Breastfeeding

A
  • Clean areola w/ plain water before and after feeding
  • Breastfeed 20 minutes per side
    • burp after each side
  • Milk can be refrigerated for 24 hours
  • Milk can be frozen for 6 months
  • Store milk in plastic bag
  • Breast milk low in fluoride and iron
  • Milk should come in postpartum day 3
  • Breastfeed Q2-3 hours to establish good milk supply
  • Avoid while breastfeeding
    • oral contraceptives
    • Estrogen
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5
Q

Infant Milestones - Growth

A
  • Closure of anterior fontanel - 18-24 months
  • Birth weight
    • Should double in 6 months
    • Should triple in 1 year
  • First teeth to erupt
    • lower central incisors
    • Should have all deciduous teeth by 24 months
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6
Q

Infant vitals

A
  • Respirations 30-60
  • HR 110-160
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7
Q

Infant Activity Milestones

A
  • Follow object with its head - 2 months
  • Roll over - 4-5 months
  • First teeth - 4-6 months
  • First afraid of strangers - 6-7 months
  • Sit up unassisted - 6-8 months
  • Crawl - 8-9 months
  • Walk holding furniture - 10-11 months
  • Pincer Grasp - 12-13 months
  • Stand alone - 12-13 months
  • Walk alone - 14-15 months
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