Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Kalemias

A
  • Kalemias do the same as the prefix except for Heart Rate and Urine Output
    • Hyperkalemia: Everything elevated
      • Except for Heart rate and Urine output (decreased)
      • Treatment (combine)
        • D5W/regular insulin (fastest, but temporary)
        • Kayexalate - sodium moves potassium out of cells (not as quick, but removes K+)
          • causes hypernatremia
    • Hypokalemia: Everything depressed
      • Except for Heart rate and Urine output (Increased)
  • Never push
  • Not more than 40 K+ per liter of IV fluid
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2
Q

Calcemias

A
  • Calcemias do the opposite of the prefix
    • Hypercalcemia: everything is depressed
    • Hypocalcemia: everything is elevated
      • Chvostek’s sign = cheek tap → facial spasm
      • Trousseau’s sign = BP cuff → carpal spasm
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3
Q

Magnesemias

A
  • Magnesemias do the opposite of the prefix
    • Hypermagnesemia: everything depressed
    • Hypomagnesemia: everything elevated
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4
Q

Natremias

A
  • HypErnatremia
    • dEhydration (dry skin, thready pulse, rapid HR)
  • hypOnatremia
    • Overload (crackles, distended neck veins)
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5
Q

Electrolyte rules

A
  • If symptom involves nerve or skeletal muscle, pick Calcium
  • For any other symptom, pick Potassium (generally related to BP)
  • The earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder is _numbness & tinglin_g (paresthesias)
  • The universal sign-symptom of electrolyte imbalance is muscle weakness (paresis)
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