Electrolytes Flashcards
1
Q
Kalemias
A
- Kalemias do the same as the prefix except for Heart Rate and Urine Output
- Hyperkalemia: Everything elevated
- Except for Heart rate and Urine output (decreased)
- Treatment (combine)
- D5W/regular insulin (fastest, but temporary)
- Kayexalate - sodium moves potassium out of cells (not as quick, but removes K+)
- causes hypernatremia
- Hypokalemia: Everything depressed
- Except for Heart rate and Urine output (Increased)
- Hyperkalemia: Everything elevated
- Never push
- Not more than 40 K+ per liter of IV fluid
2
Q
Calcemias
A
- Calcemias do the opposite of the prefix
- Hypercalcemia: everything is depressed
- Hypocalcemia: everything is elevated
- Chvostek’s sign = cheek tap → facial spasm
- Trousseau’s sign = BP cuff → carpal spasm
3
Q
Magnesemias
A
- Magnesemias do the opposite of the prefix
- Hypermagnesemia: everything depressed
- Hypomagnesemia: everything elevated
4
Q
Natremias
A
- HypErnatremia
- dEhydration (dry skin, thready pulse, rapid HR)
- hypOnatremia
- Overload (crackles, distended neck veins)
5
Q
Electrolyte rules
A
- If symptom involves nerve or skeletal muscle, pick Calcium
- For any other symptom, pick Potassium (generally related to BP)
- The earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder is _numbness & tinglin_g (paresthesias)
- The universal sign-symptom of electrolyte imbalance is muscle weakness (paresis)