Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Specific Gravity

A
  • High urine output → low specific gravity
  • Low urine output → high specific graviry
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2
Q

Creatinine (A category)

A
  • Best indicator of kidney function
  • 0.6-1.2 (serum)
    • If elevated, abnormal but not too worrisome (just means kidneys are failing)
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3
Q

INR (+4 = C category)

A
  • Monitors coumadin (warfarin) therapy
  • 2-3
    • Increased = bleed risk
    • >4 is critical
      • hold all coumadin
      • Assess bleeding
      • Prepare to give Vitamin K
      • Call PCP
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4
Q

Potassium

A
  • 3.5-5.3
  • For low (C category)
    • Assess heart
    • Prepare to give K+
    • Call PCP
  • For mid - (5.4-5.9) (C category)
    • Hold potassium
    • Assess heart
    • Call PCP
  • For high (6+) (D category)
    • Hold K+, assess heart, prepare Kayexalate/D5W
    • Call PCP
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5
Q

pH

A
  • 7.35-7.45
  • Ph in 6s (D category)
    • Get vitals and call Dr.
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6
Q

BUN (B category)

A
  • 8-25 (“8 buns in the pack”)
  • Elevated
    • Check for dehydration
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7
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • 12-18
  • For 8-11 (B category)
    • Monitor the patient
  • For <8 (C category)
    • Assess bleeding, prepare for transfusion, call PCP
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8
Q

Hct (B category)

A
  • 36-54 (3x Hgb)
  • If abnormal be concerned
  • Assess for dehydration
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9
Q

HCO3

A
  • 22-26
  • If out of range, abnormal but not worrisome
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10
Q

CO2

A
  • 35-45
  • For CO2 in the 50s (C Category)
    • Assess respirations
    • Do pursed-lip breathing (blow out candle and exhale for longer periods)
    • Don’t give O2 (will increase CO2)
    • Does not apply to COPD
  • For CO2 in the 60s (D Category)
    • Sign of respiratory failure
    • Assess respirations
    • Do pursed-lip breathing (decrease anxiety)
    • Prepare to intubate and ventilate
    • Call respiratory therapist
    • Call PCP
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11
Q

PO2

A
  • 78-100
  • For 70-700 (C Category)
    • Sign of respiratory insufficiency
    • Assess respirations
    • Give Oxygen
  • For <60s (D Category)
    • Sign of respiratory failure
    • Assess respirations
    • Give Oxygen
    • Prepare intubate and ventilate
    • Call respiratory therapist
    • Call PCP
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12
Q

O2

A
  • 93-100
  • For <93
    • Assess respirations and give oxygen
  • Anemia invalidates finger probe reading
    • falsely elevated
  • Dye procedures cause high readings too
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13
Q

BNP

A
  • Good indicator of CHF
  • 100
  • For elevated #s (B category)
    • Continue to monitor
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14
Q

Sodium

A
  • 135-145
  • Be concerned until there’s a change in the LOC (then becomes C Category)
  • If high, assess for dehydration
  • If low, assess for overload
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15
Q

WBCs (C Categories)

A
  • Total: 5000-11000
    • High WBC = leukocytosis
    • Low WBC = leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, immunosuppression, bone marrow suppression
      • immunosuppressed, implement neutropenic precautions
  • ANC: Above 500
    • immunosuppressed, implement neutropenic precautions
  • CD4: Above 200 (<200 = AIDS)
    • immunosuppressed, implement neutropenic precautions
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16
Q

Platelets

A
  • 150,000-400,000
  • For <90,000 (C Category)
    • Assess for bleeding
    • Implement bleeding precautions
  • For <40,000 (D Category)
    • Assess for bleeding
    • Implement bleeding precautions
      *
17
Q

RBCs

A
  • 4-6 million
  • Abnormal are B category
  • Monitor
18
Q

What are the 5 D Categories

A
  • K+ >6
  • pH in the 6s
  • CO2 in the 60s
  • PO2 <60s
  • Platelets <40,000
19
Q

What are the Cs

A
  • INR >4
  • K+ low or 5.4-5.9
  • BUN >30
  • Hgb <8
  • CO2 in the 50s
  • PO2 70-77
  • Na+ abnormal w/ change in LOC
  • WBC <5000
  • ANC <500
  • CD4 <200
  • Platelets <90,000