New stuff for FINAL Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Medium for carrying materials in the blood
A
Plasma
2
Q
Erthrocytes
A
Red blood cells
3
Q
What is the structure of Hemoglobin?
A
Proteins, 2 alpha 2 beta globins
4
Q
How many units of Oxygen is in 4 subunits?
A
4
5
Q
Oxyhemoglobin
A
Oxygenated blood
6
Q
Deoxyhemoglobin
A
Deoxygenated blood
7
Q
Where is the heart located?
A
On the left side behind the rib cage
8
Q
The sack around the heart
A
Pericardium
9
Q
The recieving chambers
A
Atria
10
Q
The pumping chamber
A
Ventricles
11
Q
Look at phys 7 slides 5, 6,7,8,9,11,20, 25,26,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,59,60, 63, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79,
A
12
Q
A spastic contraction of coronary arteries that are caused by exposure to cold, physical activity, and anxiety
A
Vascular spasm
13
Q
A disease caused by cholesterole and plaque that blocks arteries and is irreversible
A
Atherosclerosis
14
Q
Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the myocardium
A
Myocardial ischemia
15
Q
How fix atherosclerosis
A
Stents or angioplasty
16
Q
Separates blood vessels from ventricles
A
Semilunar valves
17
Q
Separates the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
A
Pulmonary semilunar valves
18
Q
Separates the aorta and left ventricle
A
Aortic semilunar valve
19
Q
Separates that atria from ventricles
A
AV valves
20
Q
Separates the right atrium and right ventricle
A
Tricuspid (rt)
21
Q
separates the left atrium and left ventricle
A
Bicuspid (lt)
22
Q
What is the purpose of Cardiac Contractile cells and what do they create?
A
Mechanical work contraction and creates cardiac action potentials
23
Q
What is the purpose of autorhythmic Cells (pacemaker)
A
To set the heart rate and create pacemaker potentials
24
Q
What sets the pace of the heart
A
SA node
25
What sets the pace when SA node is gone
AV node
26
What sets the pace when SA and AV nodes are gone?
Purkinje fibers
27
Abnormally excited HB that causes premature contraction
Ectopic focus
28
Order of phases for pacemaker potential
Funny NA, VG Ttype, VG Ltype, VG K
29
Phases of CCC cardiac potential
Rapid depol, plateau, repol
30
The external measure or recording of electrical activity through the heart
EKG
31
What does the P wave measure
Atrial Depolarization (contraction)
32
What does the QRS complex measure
Ventricular Depol (Ven contract)
33
What does the T wave measure
Ventricular repol (Ven relax)
34
fast heartrate
Tachycardia
35
Slow heartrate
Bradychardia
36
Irregular contraction of ventricles
Ventricular fibrillation
37
Ventricular contraction
Systole
38
Ventricular relaxation
Diastole
39
What is the first heart sound and what causes it?
Lub, Turbulent blood flow through closing AV valve
40
What is the second heart sound and what causes it?
Dub, Turbulent blood flow through closing SL valves
41
Max amount of blood in ventricle prior to contraction
End diastolic volume
42
Amount of blood left in ventricle after contraction
End Systolic volume
43
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
Cardiac output
44
Based on what is happening at organ
Intrinsic control
45
Based on hormonal or neural control
Extrinsic control
46
Takes blood away form the heart
Arteries
47
Take blood toward the heart
veins
48
Blood flow to these organs may be altered
Reconditioning organs
49
What organ is not a reconditioning organ
Brain
50
the volume of blood flowing through the circuits each minute
Bulk flow
51
the volume of blood flowing through a vessel each minute
Flow
52
What is the venous pressure in the systemic circuit
0 mmhg
53
What is the mean arterial pressure in the systemic circuit
90 mmhg
54
Which circuit has a larger pressure gradient
Systemic circuti
55
Lines the lumen
Endothelium (TUNICA INTIMA)
56
Smooth muscle that is very thick in artery
Tunica Media
57
Connective tissue that contains collagen fibers and elastin
Tunica Externa
58
What are the the three layers of the artery
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
59
What are the three layers of the arteriole
Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica Externa
60
What is vasoconstriction due to?
High myogenic activity
High Oxygen
Low Carbon dioxide
high sympathetic stimulation
61
What is vasodilation due to?
Low myogenic activity
Low oxygen
high co2
high nitric oxide
low sympathetic stimulation
62
Most common capillary that is "solid"
Continuous
63
What 2 layers make up capillaries
Basement membrane and tunica intima
64
What do continuous capillaries allow
Small polar molecules and lipids
65
Capillaries with large pores
fenestrated
66
What do fenestrated capillaries allow
Small H2o and soluable protiens
67
Transitional capillaries with large gaps
Sinusoid
68
What goes through sinusoid capillaries
cells
69
What runs in parallel with the circulator system?
Lymphatic system
70
A filtering system that removes foreign debris
Lymphatic system
71
What three things does the lymphatic system do?
Fight infection, aids in fat absorption, fluid balance
72
A problem with lymph vessels that only effects one side of the body
Lymphedema
73
Build up of fluid on both sides of the body
Edema
74
What is a viable lymphedema treatment
Compression therapy
75
What causes elephantiasis
Parasitic infection
76
Do venules have little tone or a lot?
Little because they lack smooth musclke
77
What are the functions of the veins
Low resistance passageway due to diameter and blood reservior
78
What do venous valves do
They help fight gravity to return blood to the heart
79
Venous veins that are imcomptent or weak
Varicose veins
80
Volume of blood that the veins can accomodate
Venous capacity
81
Volume of blood entering the atrium per minute from the veins
Venous Return
82
Pressure in the large veins of the thoracic cavity that lead into the heart
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
83
What factors enhance venous pressure and venous return?
Skeletal muscle pump, repiratory pump, blood volume, venomotor tone
84
LOOK at slides on phys 8 13,14.15,19,20,22,24,27,30,31,32,33,36,37,38-41,44,47,49,50,52,53,54,57,58,61,62,65,66,67,69,70,71,73,74,76,77,79,80,81,82,83,85,88,91
85
Smooth muscle tension in the veins
Venomotor tone
86
What is the equation for MAP
MAP = CO x TPR CO= HR x SV
87
How is MAP regulated
Neural and hormonal control
88
What cellular elements are formed in blood
RBC, WBC, and Platlets
89
What are the three components of blood after centrifuge
Plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes
90
What is a normal hematocrit count for men and women?
Men- 42-52 %
Women- 37-47%
91
How do you calculate Hematocrit?
Blood/total x 100%
92
How concentrated is the Pee?
Specific gravity
93
Number of solutes particles
Osmolarity
94
What indicates infection in pee
WBC, Leukocyte, Nitriles
95
Functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
96
What is the function of the glomerular membrane
Sieve, retains blood cells and plasma proteins, but allows water and small solutes to filter through
97
Favors filtration
Glomerular capillary hydostatic pressure and Bowmans capsule osmotic pressure
98
Opposes filtration
Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure and glomerular osmotic pressure
99
Pressure exerted by a liquid in a closed environment by adding more liquid
Hydrostatic pressure
100
Pressure from differences of solute concentrations
Osmotic pressure
101
What is the formula for net filtration pressure
NFP= GHP + BCOP - BCHP + GOP
102
Creates an osmotic gradient in the medulla to conserve water
Loop of henle
103
What substances are secreted by tubles
Hydrogen ions, potassium ions, organic anions and cations
104
Smooth muscle cells that surround glomerulus
Mesangial cells
105
What receptors resond when there is a drop in BP
Baroreceptors
106
When is intrinsic in control
80-180 MAP
