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Physiology > New stuff for FINAL > Flashcards

New stuff for FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Medium for carrying materials in the blood

A

Plasma

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2
Q

Erthrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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3
Q

What is the structure of Hemoglobin?

A

Proteins, 2 alpha 2 beta globins

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4
Q

How many units of Oxygen is in 4 subunits?

A

4

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5
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Oxygenated blood

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6
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

On the left side behind the rib cage

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8
Q

The sack around the heart

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

The recieving chambers

A

Atria

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10
Q

The pumping chamber

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

Look at phys 7 slides 5, 6,7,8,9,11,20, 25,26,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,59,60, 63, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79,

A
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12
Q

A spastic contraction of coronary arteries that are caused by exposure to cold, physical activity, and anxiety

A

Vascular spasm

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13
Q

A disease caused by cholesterole and plaque that blocks arteries and is irreversible

A

Atherosclerosis

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14
Q

Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the myocardium

A

Myocardial ischemia

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15
Q

How fix atherosclerosis

A

Stents or angioplasty

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16
Q

Separates blood vessels from ventricles

A

Semilunar valves

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17
Q

Separates the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary semilunar valves

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18
Q

Separates the aorta and left ventricle

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q

Separates that atria from ventricles

A

AV valves

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20
Q

Separates the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid (rt)

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21
Q

separates the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid (lt)

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22
Q

What is the purpose of Cardiac Contractile cells and what do they create?

A

Mechanical work contraction and creates cardiac action potentials

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23
Q

What is the purpose of autorhythmic Cells (pacemaker)

A

To set the heart rate and create pacemaker potentials

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24
Q

What sets the pace of the heart

A

SA node

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25
Q

What sets the pace when SA node is gone

A

AV node

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26
Q

What sets the pace when SA and AV nodes are gone?

A

Purkinje fibers

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27
Q

Abnormally excited HB that causes premature contraction

A

Ectopic focus

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28
Q

Order of phases for pacemaker potential

A

Funny NA, VG Ttype, VG Ltype, VG K

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29
Q

Phases of CCC cardiac potential

A

Rapid depol, plateau, repol

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30
Q

The external measure or recording of electrical activity through the heart

A

EKG

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31
Q

What does the P wave measure

A

Atrial Depolarization (contraction)

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32
Q

What does the QRS complex measure

A

Ventricular Depol (Ven contract)

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33
Q

What does the T wave measure

A

Ventricular repol (Ven relax)

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34
Q

fast heartrate

A

Tachycardia

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35
Q

Slow heartrate

A

Bradychardia

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36
Q

Irregular contraction of ventricles

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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37
Q

Ventricular contraction

A

Systole

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38
Q

Ventricular relaxation

A

Diastole

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39
Q

What is the first heart sound and what causes it?

A

Lub, Turbulent blood flow through closing AV valve

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40
Q

What is the second heart sound and what causes it?

A

Dub, Turbulent blood flow through closing SL valves

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41
Q

Max amount of blood in ventricle prior to contraction

A

End diastolic volume

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42
Q

Amount of blood left in ventricle after contraction

A

End Systolic volume

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43
Q

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

A

Cardiac output

44
Q

Based on what is happening at organ

A

Intrinsic control

45
Q

Based on hormonal or neural control

A

Extrinsic control

46
Q

Takes blood away form the heart

A

Arteries

47
Q

Take blood toward the heart

A

veins

48
Q

Blood flow to these organs may be altered

A

Reconditioning organs

49
Q

What organ is not a reconditioning organ

A

Brain

50
Q

the volume of blood flowing through the circuits each minute

A

Bulk flow

51
Q

the volume of blood flowing through a vessel each minute

A

Flow

52
Q

What is the venous pressure in the systemic circuit

A

0 mmhg

53
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure in the systemic circuit

A

90 mmhg

54
Q

Which circuit has a larger pressure gradient

A

Systemic circuti

55
Q

Lines the lumen

A

Endothelium (TUNICA INTIMA)

56
Q

Smooth muscle that is very thick in artery

A

Tunica Media

57
Q

Connective tissue that contains collagen fibers and elastin

A

Tunica Externa

58
Q

What are the the three layers of the artery

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

59
Q

What are the three layers of the arteriole

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica Externa

60
Q

What is vasoconstriction due to?

A

High myogenic activity
High Oxygen
Low Carbon dioxide
high sympathetic stimulation

61
Q

What is vasodilation due to?

A

Low myogenic activity
Low oxygen
high co2
high nitric oxide
low sympathetic stimulation

62
Q

Most common capillary that is “solid”

A

Continuous

63
Q

What 2 layers make up capillaries

A

Basement membrane and tunica intima

64
Q

What do continuous capillaries allow

A

Small polar molecules and lipids

65
Q

Capillaries with large pores

A

fenestrated

66
Q

What do fenestrated capillaries allow

A

Small H2o and soluable protiens

67
Q

Transitional capillaries with large gaps

A

Sinusoid

68
Q

What goes through sinusoid capillaries

A

cells

69
Q

What runs in parallel with the circulator system?

A

Lymphatic system

70
Q

A filtering system that removes foreign debris

A

Lymphatic system

71
Q

What three things does the lymphatic system do?

A

Fight infection, aids in fat absorption, fluid balance

72
Q

A problem with lymph vessels that only effects one side of the body

A

Lymphedema

73
Q

Build up of fluid on both sides of the body

A

Edema

74
Q

What is a viable lymphedema treatment

A

Compression therapy

75
Q

What causes elephantiasis

A

Parasitic infection

76
Q

Do venules have little tone or a lot?

A

Little because they lack smooth musclke

77
Q

What are the functions of the veins

A

Low resistance passageway due to diameter and blood reservior

78
Q

What do venous valves do

A

They help fight gravity to return blood to the heart

79
Q

Venous veins that are imcomptent or weak

A

Varicose veins

80
Q

Volume of blood that the veins can accomodate

A

Venous capacity

81
Q

Volume of blood entering the atrium per minute from the veins

A

Venous Return

82
Q

Pressure in the large veins of the thoracic cavity that lead into the heart

A

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

83
Q

What factors enhance venous pressure and venous return?

A

Skeletal muscle pump, repiratory pump, blood volume, venomotor tone

84
Q

LOOK at slides on phys 8 13,14.15,19,20,22,24,27,30,31,32,33,36,37,38-41,44,47,49,50,52,53,54,57,58,61,62,65,66,67,69,70,71,73,74,76,77,79,80,81,82,83,85,88,91

A
85
Q

Smooth muscle tension in the veins

A

Venomotor tone

86
Q

What is the equation for MAP

A

MAP = CO x TPR CO= HR x SV

87
Q

How is MAP regulated

A

Neural and hormonal control

88
Q

What cellular elements are formed in blood

A

RBC, WBC, and Platlets

89
Q

What are the three components of blood after centrifuge

A

Plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes

90
Q

What is a normal hematocrit count for men and women?

A

Men- 42-52 %
Women- 37-47%

91
Q

How do you calculate Hematocrit?

A

Blood/total x 100%

92
Q

How concentrated is the Pee?

A

Specific gravity

93
Q

Number of solutes particles

A

Osmolarity

94
Q

What indicates infection in pee

A

WBC, Leukocyte, Nitriles

95
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

96
Q

What is the function of the glomerular membrane

A

Sieve, retains blood cells and plasma proteins, but allows water and small solutes to filter through

97
Q

Favors filtration

A

Glomerular capillary hydostatic pressure and Bowmans capsule osmotic pressure

98
Q

Opposes filtration

A

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure and glomerular osmotic pressure

99
Q

Pressure exerted by a liquid in a closed environment by adding more liquid

A

Hydrostatic pressure

100
Q

Pressure from differences of solute concentrations

A

Osmotic pressure

101
Q

What is the formula for net filtration pressure

A

NFP= GHP + BCOP - BCHP + GOP

102
Q

Creates an osmotic gradient in the medulla to conserve water

A

Loop of henle

103
Q

What substances are secreted by tubles

A

Hydrogen ions, potassium ions, organic anions and cations

104
Q

Smooth muscle cells that surround glomerulus

A

Mesangial cells

105
Q

What receptors resond when there is a drop in BP

A

Baroreceptors

106
Q

When is intrinsic in control

A

80-180 MAP

Physiology (5 decks)

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