New public health Flashcards
New public health
An approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural, and political environments impact on health. Also referred to as the social model of health.
Aim of new public health
The aim of the new public health is to to prevent illness, disease and injury from occurring by modifying the risk factors
Development of new public health
- The understanding that people change their behavior’s if exposed to necessary information of health promotion strategies
- Despite peoples awareness of a negative impact of smoking, poor diet and lack of exercise, it’s not necessarily lead to behavioral change.
Social model of health
An approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups
Characteristics of the social model of health
o Attempts to address the broader determinants of health as opposed to disease and injury
o Takes a community approach (target populations) to improve health
o Polices, education, and health promotion activities are key aspects of the social model of health
o Aims to empower people to take control of their health
o Based on the understanding that for health gains to occur, people’s basic needs must be met
o Relatively inexpensive as some diseases, and therefore associated treatment costs can be prevented
Principles of the social model of health
A – ADDRESSES THE BROADER DETERMINANTS
Relates to the broader sociocultural, environmental, and economic factors contributing to poor health
Race, location, income, education
R – REDUCES SOCIAL INEQUITES
Targeting health promotion programs towards those who experience barriers to improving health
Low SES, Rural/Remote, Males, Indigenous
E – EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITIES
Promoting individuals and communities with health knowledge and skills they need to make positive changes to their health and empowering them by involving them in decision making
Nutrition Australia
A – ACTS TO ENABLE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
Health related services and information need to be available to everyone in need regardless of their social situation. It must be affordable, appropriate, and accessible
Location, cultural barriers, education, transport
S – INVOLVES INTERSECTORIAL COLLABORATION
Many different sectors working together towards a common goal
Advantages (SM)
- Aimed at a population level, therefore more cost effective
- Encourages good health through disease prevention
- Can be targeted to vulnerable population groups
- Decreases pressure on healthcare system by reducing waiting lists
- Educates people through health promotion which empowers them to take control of their own health
Disadvantages (SM)
- Health messages may be ignored
- Not all condition can be prevented (for example, genetic conditions)
- Doesn’t assist those who already sick
- Some diseases are out of one’s control (e.g type 1 diabetes, some cancers)
Ottawa charter for health promotion
An approach to health development by the World Health Organisation, that attempts to reduce inequalities in health. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion was developed from the social model of health and identifies three basic strategies health promotion, which are enabling, mediating and advocacy
Strategies for health promotion (OC)
- Enable: Ensuring equal resources (education, employment) and opportunities are available to all people to allow them to achieve equal health
- Mediate: Resolve conflict to produce outcomes that promote health
- Advocate: Actions that seek to gain support to make changes to improve health determinants for everyone.
Action areas of the ottawa charter
Bad Cats Smell Dead Ratss
BUILD HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY
Decisions (laws, policies) made by government and organisations that affect health. Laws and policies make it easier to practice good health (or harder to practice bad health).
CREATING SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Is about making it easier for people and encourages them to make healthy choices by providing a physical and social environment that promotes health.
STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY ACTION
Involves and encourages people from all parts of the community to work together (community action) to achieve a common goal for better health
DEVELOP PERSONAL SKILLS
Developing personal skills is about providing people with the skills they need to be able to take control of their health and make healthy choices.
REORIENT HEALTH SERVICES
Is about shifting the health system towards prevention, as opposed to focusing on cure. Reorienting health services is moving from the biomedical model to a health promotion focus.
Ottawa charter
o An approach to health developed by WHO which attempts to reduce inequalities in health
o It was developed from the social model of health
o Provides organisations with a framework to incorporate health promotion ideas into the strategies, policies, and campaigns
3 basic health promotion strategies
o ENABLE
Allow people to access health resources
Actions that ensure equal opportunities and resources are available to all to empower individuals and communities to have control over health and wellbeing
o MEDIATE
Working together to manage the conflict with making health changes
Changes required to promote health include changes to funding, legislation, and policy
The changes can cause conflict to groups involved
Mediating relates to helping these groups resolve conflict and produce outcomes that promote health.
o ADVOCATE
Lobby or gain support for good health
Refers to actions that seek to gain support from governments to influence healthy public policy so that improvements to health for everyone can occur
• Media, lobbying, conducting/publishing research’
