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Biology 105- LECTURE > NEW MATERIAL/ EXAM 4 (part 1) > Flashcards

NEW MATERIAL/ EXAM 4 (part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the Mangrove Ecosystem?

A
  • To line Oceans
  • To create highly fertile land
  • Its like a nursery for ocean fish
  • 55% in the world have been destroyed
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2
Q

Why is landowner support important for listed species?

A

90% of all ESA species on non-federal land

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3
Q

T/F: Ecology is a subset of Biology.

A

False

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4
Q

What is Biology?

A

The study of Life (a subset of Ecology)

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5
Q

What is Ecology?

A

The interactions between environments (biotic & abiotic) and living organisms

  • The study of life, living, & non-living!
  • (WHOLE UNIVERSE)
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6
Q

What does “Eco” mean?

A

whole

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7
Q

What is the largest unit of the natural world?

A

The entire Universe

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8
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A
  • Surface of the Earth/ NOT THE CORE

- All parts of the world that have life forms

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9
Q

How much of the grain, grew in the US is used to feed livestock?

A

70%

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10
Q

How much of the energy (in kilo-calories) in grain are lost to livestock?

A

10%

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11
Q

Meat consumption worldwide has ______ in the last 50 years.

A

Quadrupled

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12
Q

Change through time is an ____________ of short term changes.

A

Accumulation

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13
Q

What tells us that species are not “fixed”?

A
  • closer observations
  • fossil record
  • DNA analysis
  • Anatomy
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14
Q

What is Evolution?

A

A change in genetic makeup of populations over time.

-It’s the grand unifying theory of biology

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15
Q

What is the Theory of Evolution?

A

In science it is the well sustained explanation of some aspect of the natural world.

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16
Q

Most of our light comes from _________.

A

Burning coal

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17
Q

T/F: Scientists understand evolution DID occur, they just argue where/when/how it happened (how everything branched out)!

A

True

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18
Q

What did the evidence for evolution do?

A

It challenged more than any other theory

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19
Q

Evidence for evolution include:

A
  • Anatomy
  • Biology
  • Language
  • Astronomy
  • Genetics
  • continental drift
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20
Q

What is some Biochemical Evidence for Evolution?

A
  • All living organisms use ATP as a source of energy, and carry their genetic code in DNA/RNA
  • Many enzymes are virtually identical (amino acid sequences) in all organisms
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21
Q

What is Biochemical Evidence?

A

The similarity in chemistry of related species

22
Q

What does Evolve mean?

A
  • From Latin evolvere
  • means to unroll

AKA “descent with modification”

23
Q

How is death Creative?

A

It drives Evolution—-(changes over time)

  • species come & go
  • new opportunity for species development
  • complexification (over course of time)
24
Q

Why is death essential to life?

A
  • It allows new life to exist/ GENERATIVE
  • It controls the population size
  • It provides habitat (ex. standing dead trees)
  • Nutrient Cycling
  • Provides soil fertility
  • Energy Flow
25
Q

What does Fitness refer to?

A

The number of offspring produced by an individual

26
Q

Lamark discussed evolution ______ years before Darwin.

A

50

27
Q

5 Causes (at least) of Evolution:

A 
1-Natural Selection
2-Mutations 
3-Genetic Drift
4-Gene Flow & Interruption of Gene Flow
5-Cooperation
28
Q

Since _____ Americans have consumed more of the Earths resources than all humans that ever existed put together.

A

1950’s

29
Q

The current US population is about _________.

A

315 million

30
Q

What is Overpopulation, and how to solve it?

A
  • It is when the population has grown beyond the carrying capacity of the environment
  • Nature solves it!
31
Q

The recovery of the J-Curve depend on what?

A
  • loss of biodiversity
  • soil quality
  • degrade of water
32
Q

How many people are in total object poverty?

A

1.5 billion (+)

33
Q

The world population growth rate is _________.

A

slowing

-(b/c of AIDs, contraceptives, etc)

34
Q

What are the 3 sources for genetic variation?

A
  • mutations
  • Gene Flow
  • Sex
35
Q

What are the causes of mutations?

A
  • DNA fails to copy accurately

- External Influences such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.

36
Q

What is genetic shuffling && why is it important?

A
  • It is when organisms reproduce sexually bringing together new combinations of genes
  • Its important for evolution, b/c it can introduce new combinations of genes every generation (can also break up good genes)
37
Q

Why is genetic diversity important for long-term survival of a population?

A

Without it, a population cannot evolve in response to changing environmental variables & as a result may face an increased risk of extinction.

38
Q

______ contributes to variety in a population (__________ also contributes).

A
  • genetic diversity

- sexual reproduction

39
Q

Explain the phenomena of Inbreeding Depression:

A

Where in a small population, matings btw relatives are common, which may lower the population’s ability to survive and reproduce.

40
Q

What is the Free Willy Syndrome?

A

A “fairy-tale like belief that releasing captive animals i into the wild is usually a good thing to do”

41
Q

Why is population size important?

A

According to the Evolutionary theory, very small populations face 2 dangers:
-inbreeding depression
-low genetic variation
(which might keep them from recovering, despite efforts to preserve them)

42
Q

Who is C. Linnaeus?

A

He developed the binomial system of nomenclature.

43
Q

What does Binomial mean?

A

Bi=2
nominae= name
(latin binmius)

44
Q

What is the correct way to write a Scientific name?

A

Two names:

  • Genus Name
  • Epithet (such as variety)
45
Q

Pandas thumbs reveal:

A
  • imperfect design

- 5 claws && an opposable thumb

46
Q

What do phylogenies do?

A

They trace patterns of shared ancestry between lineages. Showing common ancestors.

47
Q

Why do species change over time?

A

B/c of:

  • mutation
  • natural selection
  • migration
  • genetic drift
  • cooperation
48
Q

Malthus was a political economist who blamed the decline of living conditions in the 19th century on 3 elements:

A

1- The overproduction of young
2- the inability of resources to keep up with the rising human population
3- Irresponsibility of the lower class (not being able to support their young)

49
Q

Today, _____ % of our rivers, lakes, and streams are unfishable or unswimable.

A

40%

50
Q

What are some problems with large Alien Species?

A
  • Hunt native prey
  • Experience Huge Expansions
  • No natural predators; species don’t have defenses against others.

Biology 105- LECTURE (5 decks)

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