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Biology 105- LECTURE > EXAM 1 Material > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Material Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientists estimate the age of the Earth at about:

A

4,600,000,000 years

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2
Q

Humans are recent additions to the Earth’s biota (life). About how many years ago did the first modern humans (Homo sapiens) appear in Africa?

A

200,000 years ago

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3
Q

True/False: Most of millions and millions of species on Earth are well known to science. In other words, most species on Earth have been assigned a scientific name and their reproductive characteristics, life cycles, ecosystem needs, and ecosystem roles are well known.

A

False

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4
Q

Although there is evidence of human arrival in North America before this time, time is about the time when humans existed on this continent in sufficient numbers to generate considerable ecological impact.

A

13,000 years ago

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5
Q

It is accurate to say the Native American Indians were the original environmentalists.

A

False

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6
Q

The shift in the dominant environmental ethic in North America that occurred with the arrival of the European people was evident in its effects on the wildlife, soil, and ecology of the continent.

A

True

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7
Q

According to the “Importance of Biodiversity” website, anthropocentric and intrinsic values are necessarily contradictory.

A

False

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8
Q

Which of the following statements found along a scenic trail side suggests that plants have a right to live for their intrinsic value, not just because they provide pleasure or people?

A

“Let the flowers live” NOT please leave the flowers for others to enjoy.

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9
Q

Which o the following is an illustration of the European-American commitment to Manifest Destiny in the pioneer era?

A

Slaughter bison were shot and left to rot
Beaver extirpated from many regions
Extinction of passenger pigeon

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10
Q

The human population has a growing impact on the life systems of the planet. About how many people are currently in the US?

A

315 Million

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11
Q

What was the primary cause of the extinction of the passenger pigeon?

A

over-hunting

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12
Q

The dominant ethic in North America during this time was one in which the natural world was considered holy; humans were considered a species among species; and other species were acknowledged to have rights.

A

Tribal Era

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13
Q

Environmentalism and Ecology are essentially the same thing? (true or false)

A

False

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14
Q

About how much o the virgin forest of the U.S. still remain?

A

5%

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15
Q

Define Monoculture

A

An entire area used to support only one species; e.g. a corn field, soccer field, golf course, or a loblolly pine forest.

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16
Q

Define Bio-Diversity

A

The variety of life– may refer to genetics, communities, or ecosystems

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17
Q

Define Sustainability

A

Refers to development or use of resources in such a way that future generations will inherit a quality environment.

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18
Q

Define Ecosystem Services

A

Activities of a species that benefit other species or the biological community as a whole.

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19
Q

These two Romantic-Transcendentalist writers of the mid-1800s viewed the natural world with a religious awe and argued that nature has value other than for human economic gain:

A

Thoreau and Emerson

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20
Q

The Preservationist Ethic was advanced by which of the following:

A

John Muir

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21
Q

This is important conservationist is known for his essentially anthropocentric view of nature:

A

Gifford Pinchot

22
Q

This person worked for the US Forest Service all his life and originally embraced the Resource Conservation Ethic of Gifford Pinchot. Later he found it inadequate in that it viewed land merely as a collection of individual objects and goods to be used by humans. He later came to view land not so much as a community but as a “community to which we belong”.

A

Aldo Leopold

23
Q

The statement “economics determines ethics” can be said to be a reflection of which of the following?

A

Development Ethic

24
Q

The dominant ethic in American society is the?

A

Development Ethic

25
Q

Rachel Carson called for the elimination of all pesticides. (true or false)

A

False

26
Q

This writer claims that our universities should be leaders in guiding students through the present environmental crisis by developing courses and programs that will promote a harmonious relationship with Earth instead of preparing students to feed into an “extractive economy.”

A

Thomas Berry

27
Q

The formation of this agency was guided by the environmental principles of John Muir:

A

National Park Service

28
Q

Which of the above is under the Department of Interior? (United States Forest Service or National Park Service)

A

National Park Service

29
Q

Timber harvest and mining (with proper permits) and off-road vehicle use are some of the activities allowed on many of the properties managed by this agency?

A

United States Forest Service

30
Q

Quote: “Dream of the Earth”

A

Thomas Berry

31
Q

Quote: “A Sand County Almanac”

A

Aldo Leopold

32
Q

Quote: “greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time”

A

Gifford Pinchot

33
Q

Quote: “Walden”

A

Henry David Thoreau

34
Q

“Silent Spring” famously warned people about the dangers of:

A

pesticide use

35
Q

Which of the following people uses the term “cultural autism”?

A

Thomas Berry

36
Q

The Following was an example used in class to explain the concept of “cultural autism”: By the _ scientist were confident that global climate change was a risk from our large scale use of fossil fuels yet our consumption of these fuels has continued at an alarming rate since that time.

A

1970s

37
Q

Which of the following statements most closely represents the view of deep ecology?

A

Appropriate technology must be used with respect for the Earth.

38
Q

The dominant worldview is that:

A

increasingly sophisticated technology will solve our environmental problems.

39
Q

Dr. Robert White-Stevens, featured in the story of Rachel Carson, has views that could be considered similar to those of Thomas Berry in regards to the role of technology in dealing with environmental problems. (true or false)

A

False

40
Q

Identify the author: “‘Control of nature’ is a term conceived in arrogance and born of a Neanderthal age when it was supposed that nature existed for the convenience of man.”

A

Rachel Carson

41
Q

In making one of the major points in the article “What is Nature Worth?”, the author reports that a mathematician studied the practice of whaling and asked which strategy would yield the whalers and humanity the most money:

A

killing all the whales

42
Q

Examining a project from the economic perspective alone, such as the example above describing whaling, is called:

A

bottom line thinking

43
Q

This law was enacted in 1900 and marked the beginning of wildlife legislation in this country.

A

Lacey Act

44
Q

The piece of legislation requires that federally funded projects give public notice of the project, have public hearings, and generate Environmental Impact Statements.

A

National Environmental Policy Act

45
Q

This law generates funds from the sale of guns and ammunition and is used to supper wildlife research, wildlife law enforcement, and land purchases for hunting.

A

Endangered Species Act

46
Q

As a result of the Endangered Species Act, once endangered gray wolves have been restored to their former range and their former abundance. (true or false)

A

False

47
Q

About how much garbage does each U.S. citizen generate per week?

A

30 lbs

48
Q

Number three plastics are recyclable in Greensboro. (true or false)

A

True

49
Q

Which of the following will consume the least amount of natural resources, create the least amount of pollution, and use the least amount of energy:

A

reducing how much we buy

50
Q

This organization consists of more than 2000 leading experts from around the world who assess the science and economics of climate change. In a landmark 1995 report, they concluded that “ the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate.” The latest report in 2007 affirmed earlier findings and stated “most of the observed increase in global average temperature since the mid 20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.”

A

IPCC

51
Q

According to your reading, which of the following can be considered a “keystone species?”

A

Beaver

52
Q

What does the chasing arrow symbol on the item mean?

A

please recycle

Biology 105- LECTURE (5 decks)

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