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Biology 105- LECTURE > EXAM 3 Material > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Material Flashcards

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1
Q

This term describes the normal warmth that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy from the sun and allows the planet to be livable.

A

Greenhouse Effect

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2
Q

Stratospheric ozone has protected life on Earth for over ______ years.

A

450 million

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3
Q

Which of the following equations describes ozone formation?

A

3 O2 + UV light —> 2 O3

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4
Q

Which ozone is an air pollutant?

A

tropospheric

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5
Q

The article “Carbon is Forever” focused on the longevity of carbon in the atmosphere. “The longevity of CO2 in the atmosphere is probably the ________ part of the global warming issue.”

A

Least well understood

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6
Q

How do we know about atmospheres of the past?

A
  • Tree Rings
  • Coral rings
  • Air trapped in ice
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7
Q

T/F: The climate is changing. Scientists are in disagreement about whether or not this is a result of human activity.

A

False

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8
Q

What occurs in the troposhere in greater concentration than any of the others?
-(CO2, CH4, CFLs, NO2)

A

Carbon Dioxide

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9
Q

Which of the above is generated by cattle and human waste, landfills, and melting permafrost?
-(CO2, CH4, CFLs, NO2)

A

Methane CH4

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10
Q

What comes form soils where large amounts of chemical fertilizers are used?

A

Nitrous Oxide

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11
Q

What has the greatest ability to trap heat?

-(CO2, CH4, CFLs, NO2)

A

Chlorofluorocarbons—CFLs

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12
Q

The Keeling Curve graphs data collected on __________.

A

Troposheric Carbon Dioxie

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13
Q

Carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is measured in parts per million units (ppm). Three hundred and fifty (350) is considered the maximum “safe” level. The current level is about ______ppm, and the level predicted for the year 2050 is ____ is current trends continue.

A

397, 550

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14
Q

According to your reading on impact of global warming in NC, evidence of sea level rise is apparent in which of the following areas?

A
  • The salt marshes
  • The maritime forests
  • The beach front
  • The down east peninsula of Carteret County
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15
Q

According to the article on the “risks of Global Warming,” warming is ______what was predicted a few years ago.

A

Greater Than

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16
Q

Stable isotope analysis has allowed scientists to discern:

A

The source of the increasing carbon dioxide in the troposher

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17
Q

About how much of the per capita emissions are influenced by our personal decisions?

A

32%

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18
Q

We know about life in the past partially because of the vast number of fossils found throughout the planet. What does the term “clocks in the rocks” refer to?

A

Radioactive isotopes in the fossils and rocks

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19
Q

The Pleistocene was an Epoch in this Era

A

Cenozoic

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20
Q

Fossil fuels were formed in this Era.

A

Paleozoic

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21
Q

Humans evolved late in this Era.

A

Cenozoic

22
Q

Bacteria evolved in this Era.

A

Pre-Cambrian

23
Q

Dinosaurs, turtles, and mammals evolved in this Era.

A

Mesozoic

24
Q

Control of the atmosphere on Earth shifted from non-biological to biological during this Era.

A

Pre-Cambrian

25
Q

Which of the following words from your vocabulary list best fits this definition: ________ is when the result is greater than the sum of the parts. It is created when things work together to create an outcome that is in some way more than the total of the individual inputs.

A

Synergy

26
Q

T/F: Most species that have existed on the Earth went extinct before the dawn of humans.

A

True

27
Q

T/F: Once evolution was underway on the Earth, species evolved in a liner fashion (straight line) leading directly to the emergence of humans.

A

False

28
Q

T/F: Carbon dating is the primary way scientists are able to assign dates to the very oldest fossils.

A

False

29
Q

How many episodes of mass extinction have been recorded in the fossil record?

A

5

30
Q

The Siberian Traps Hypothesis relates to:

A

The P-T extinction

31
Q

The fossil record indicates that the explosive diversification of mammals occurred after:

A

the Cretaceous Extinction

32
Q

We associate elevated levels of the element iridium with:

A

asteroid impact

33
Q

Mass extinctions:

A
  • ultimately result in the evolution of many new species; however, it apparently takes millions of years to recover the # lost
  • allow the major forms of life to change over time
  • are part of the driving force of evolution
34
Q

The main point of the article “Study Jolts Views on Recovery from Extinctions” was: When you wipe the pieces off the chessboard, the chessboard shrinks. What is the main point of this?

A

With the loss of a species, opportunities for the existence of other, dependent species is lost.

35
Q

Humans are recent additions to the Earth’s biota (life). About how many years ago did the first modern humans (homo sapiens) appear in Africa?

A

200,000

36
Q

The diagram about illustrates:

A

That humans did not evolve from chimps

37
Q

The arrow in the above diagram points to the point in the diagram that illustrates:

A

the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and bonobo chimpanzees

38
Q

About how many years ago did humans and chimpanzees diverge form a common ancestor?

A

5-6 million

39
Q

Since the human lineage diverged from the common ancestor with chimps, about how many species have been identified in the human family tree?

A

Around 15

40
Q

This Epoch is defined by advancing and retreating ice ages, the rise of modern humans and their subsequent expansion across the globe, and the concluding event, the dying of any megafaunal species. What is the name of this period?

A

Pleistocene

41
Q

According to a large majority of scientists, species extinctions are occurring today:

A

faster than any time in the last 65 million years and accelerating

42
Q

Anthropogenic means ____________.

A

Produced by human activities

43
Q

In pre- colonial times, oysters filtered the water in the entirety of the Chesapeake Bay in approximately _________; by the late 20th century this time had increased to 364 days.

A

2-4 days

44
Q

The primary cause of Dead Zones in our marine ecosystems is:

A

the Overuse of Fertilizers

45
Q

The word hypoxia, as used in class, refers to:

A

too little oxygen in the water

46
Q

About how many major dead zones are there in the world’s oceans?

A

hundreds

47
Q

Dr. Jeremy Jackson, in his talk titled Ocean Apocalypse, claimed that if we continue to refuse to act on global warming there will be _________ of climate refugees.

A

Billions

48
Q

Species used to assess general ecosystem health are called:

A

Indicator species

49
Q

About how many years ago did sea turtles evolve?

A

A hundred million

50
Q

How many of the world’s seven species of sea turtles are threatened with extinction?

A

7

51
Q

Green sea turtles are a keystone species in tropical and sub-tropical sea grass bed ecosystems. Why?

A

They eat the sea grass and keep it cropped sort which allows sunlight to reach the substrate

52
Q

Carbon is removed from the atmosphere and stored by coastal and ocean ecosystems such as sea grass beds. This carbon is called:

A

Blue Carbon

Biology 105- LECTURE (5 decks)

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