New Ideas & Ideologies Flashcards
What led Lenin and the Bolshevik’s to ‘act first and justify later?’
The need to retain and consolidate control.
Where in Europe did the Bolsheviks believe revolution would strike next?
Germany
When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?
3 March 1918
What was the effect of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on Russia?
Russia lost some of it’s territories
What affect did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Soviet Russia?
It sent the precedent for Socialism at home, putting peace before the spread of Revolution.
Which of Russia’s territories became independed states after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania & Poland.
How much of Russia’s population was lost after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
62 million people.
Why did Lenin sideline The Petrograd Soviet?
it contained Non-Bolshevik socialists
What did Lenin form to replace the Petrograd Soviet?
The Bolshevik-only sovnarkom.
What happened when civilians demonstrated against Lenin’s dispersal of the Constituent Assembly?
They were fired at and 12 killed.
What date did the Bolsheviks officially become the ‘Communist Party?’
March 1918
When did the Bolsheviks truly obtain their ‘One Party State.’
March 1918, from then on they governed alone.
How did Lenin justify the formation of the Cheka?
the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat would require active repression of counter-revolutionary enemies.
What years did the new communist state become more associated with ‘terror?’
1918-20
Between 1918-20, who fell victim to the Communist Terror?
former tsarists, right-wing social revolutionaries.
How did the Civil War effect Bolshevik control?
demands of obedience to the party tightened.
What was War Communism?
new central controls to manage the economy.
What was Central planning?
nationalisation of industry
What year did Lenin call for the ban on Factions?
1921
What happened to the independence movements of the ethnic minorities?
They were denounced as Counter-Revolutionary
What year was Lenin’s death?
1924
How were the Mensheviks destroyed as a political force?
5000 arrests for ‘counter-revolutionary’ activity.
What happened at the 1922 show trial of Social revolutionaries?
34 leaders were condemned, 11 executed & the party outlawed.
What information was disclosed in Lenin’s ‘testament?’
his critical opinion of members of the Politburo.
What year did Lenin write his testament?
1922
Which members of the Politburo were criticised in Lenin’s testament?
Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Trotsky & Stalin
Why wasn’t the testament publicly read as intended?
The Central Committee decided to suppress it.
How was Stalin able to block Trotsky as Lenin’s successor?
By forming a political alliance with Zinoviev and Kamenev.
How did Stalin make sure that Trotsky had few supporters?
By manipulating his position as General Secretary so that only 3 Trotsky supporters were elected into the Central Committee.
How did Stalin use Lenin’s funeral to his advantage?
He told Trotsky the wrong date for the funeral.
What date was Trotsky forced from his position as Commissar of War?
Dec, 1925.
Why, when Zinoviev and Kamenev oppose Stalin are they unsuccessful?
The delegates are mostly Stalinists.
What date do Zinoview and Kamenev join Trotsky?
Nov 1926.
How does Stalin react to Zinoviev and Kamenev joining Trotsky?
He expels them from the Party and Central Committees.
How is Stalin able to eliminate Bukharin as a rival for power?
Bukharin attempts to become allied with Trotsky; Stalin accuses them both of Factionalism.
When does Stalin deport Trotsky?
Feb 1929.
Where is Trotsky deported to?
Constantinople.
What year was Lenin’s ‘New Economic Policy?’ (NEP)
1921
Which members of the Politburo advocated the NEP?
The ‘right,’ Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky.
Which members wanted to abandon the NEP?
Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev, the left.
Which of Stalin’s ideologies supported him as leader?
His belief in ‘socialism in one country,’ which continued Lenin’s ideologies.
Trotsky still favoured the worldwide revolution.
